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Preventing mental illness: closing the evidence-practice gap through workforc…
Mental illness is prevalent across the globe and affects multiple aspects of life. Despite advances in treatment, there is little evidence that prevalence rates of mental illness are falling. While the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancers are common in the policy dialogue and in service delivery, the prevention of mental illness remains a neglected area. There is accumulating eviden…
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Drug resistance in lung cancer
Resistance to chemotherapy drugs is a major problem in cancer treatment. Scientific advances made in the last two decades have resulted in the identification of genes and molecular signaling mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance. This has resulted in a better understanding of the biology of cancer cells and the way these cells adapt or undergo subtle molecular changes thereby protectin…
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Immune Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer worldwide, imposing grievous challenges for patients and clinicians. The incidence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the main histologic subtype of lung cancer, is still increasing in current-, ex-, and even non-smokers, whereas its five-year survival rate is approximately 15% as the vast majority of patients usually present with advanced disease at the ti…
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Resisting Resistance: Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancer
Drug resistance inevitably limits the efficacy of all targeted therapies including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Understanding the biological underpinnings of TKI resistance is key to the successful development of future therapeutic strategies. Traditionally, mechanisms of TKI resistance have been viewed under a dichotomous lens. Tumor cells are TKI-sensitive or TKI-refractory, exhibit in…
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Should formula for infants provide arachidonic acid along with DHA? A positio…
Recently adopted regulatory standards on infant and follow-on formula for the European Union stipulate that from February 2020 onwards, all such products marketed in the European Union must contain 20–50 mg omega-3 DHA (22:6n–3) per 100 kcal, which is equivalent to about 0.5–1% of fatty acids (FAs) and thus higher than typically found in human milk and current infant formula products, …
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The pain of weight gain: self-experimentation with overfeeding
The Vermont overfeeding studies were published 50 y ago and began a change in the acceptance of obesity as a bona fide area of academic interest. This article chronicles the experience of the author with acute weight gain while overfeeding, in the context of current obesity research, and presents a glimpse of things to come. The pain associated with acute overeating is illustrated by the first…
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Effect of dietary protein intake on albumin homeostasis in nephrotic patients
Animals with experimental renal disease maintained on dietsrest ricted in protein develop less severe renal lesions and less proteinuria than do animals maintained on a normal or high protein diet. To determine whether restriction of dietary protein will reduce urinary albumin excretion in patients with established nephroses and whether such dietary restriction will result in decreased albumi…
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A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Protein Restriction on the Rate of …
Dietary protein restriction has been reported to delay the need for renal replacement therapy in clinical trials and meta-analyses. However, less clear is what effect dietary protein has on the rate of decline in renal function. We pooled the results of 13 randomized controlled trials (n 5 1,919 patients) and found that dietary protein restriction reduced the rate of decline in estimated glo…
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Nutritional Management of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is caused by urinary loss of proteins of intermediate size. Albumin protein is lost in the greatest quantity, but important protein-bound nutrients-such as iron bound to transferrin, vitamin D bound to vitamin D-binding protein, copper bound to ceruloplasmin, and zinc bound mostly to albumin-are lost as well. The syndrome is characterized by hypoalbuminemia, edema formation, …
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Developing Strategies for Predicting and Preventing Readmissions in Vascular …
The escalating cost burden of hospital readmission has prompted recent nationwide efforts aimed at reducing the incidence of this important quality measure. Because patients undergoing vascular surgery account for a significant proportion of readmissions, vascular surgeons may face reduced reimbursements in the near future if these trends continue. However, risk factors associated with readmis…
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