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Management of Tetanus: A Review
Large-scale immunization programs have resulted in a dramatic decline in the incidence of tetanus in the US. Other factors such as improvements in wound care management, use of sedating and paralytic agents, and advances in supportiv and intensive care measures (eg, airway and ventilatory support) have also contributed to the decline in the morbidity and mortality from tetanus. The diagnosis …
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Tetanus immunisation in geriatric patients with accidental wounds: How much i…
In the industrialised world, the elderly carry the highest risk for tetanus. This prospective serological study was performed to evaluate the reliability of tetanus immunisation histories and the antibody response to tetanus vaccinations in the elderly.
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Current recommendation for treatment of tetanus during humanitarian emergencies
The purpose of this technical note is to provide health professionals in United Nations agencies, nongovernmental organizations, donor gencies and local authorities working with populations affected by emergencies with up-to-date technical guidance on the clinical management of tetanus in emergency-affected populations, particularly following natural disasters.
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Prevention and Management of wound infection: guidance from WHO's Depart of V…
Open injuries have a potential for serious bacterial wound infections, including gas gangrene and tetanus, and these in turn may lead to long term disabilities, chronic wound or bone infection, and death. Wound infection is particularly of concern when injured patients present late for definitive care, or in disasters where large numbers of injured survivors exceed available trauma care capacit…
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Should we test for tetanus immunity in all emergency department patients with…
People who present to the emergency department often do not know their tetanus immunisation status. The Protetanus test can determine whether a person is immune and can guide treatment decisions
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Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in Australia: a national serosurvey
Immunity in children appears to be good, but adults, especially older people, may not be adequately protected. Recent changes to the Australian Standard Vaccination Schedule should improve immunity in cohorts now aged < 50 years. However, additional efforts are required to protect those over 50 years (especially travellers), who are most susceptible.
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Current recommendations for treatment of tetanus during humanitarian emergencies
Tetanus is an acute, toxin-mediated disease caused by Clostridium tetani. Under favourable anaerobic conditions, such as in dirty, necrotic wounds, this ubiquitous bacillus may produce tetanospasmin, an extremely potent neurotoxin. Tetanus toxin blocks inhibitory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, resulting in muscular stiffness and spasms that are typical of tetanus.
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Prevention of Tetanus in the Wounded
Recommendations for the prevention of tetanus in the wounded have been revised to incorporate the use of human tetanus immunoglobulin, which is now available in the United Kingdom. Surgical toilet is of prime importance for all wounds, and is usually sufficient for tetanus prophylaxis in patients with wounds that are less than six hours old, clean, non-penetrating, and with negligible tissue da…
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