Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people wi…

Diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease. We investigated whether the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril can lower these risks in patients with diabetes

Use of ramipril in preventing stroke: double blind randomised trial

To determine the effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril on the secondary prevention of stroke.

Ramipril and the Development of Diabetes

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Heart Failure in the diabetic patient – epidemiology, etiology, prognosis, …

In the type 2 diabetic patient the frequency of heart failure (HF) is increased and the mortality from HF is higher than with non-diabetic HF. The increased frequency of HF is due to the cardiotoxic tetrad of ischemic heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and an extracellular volume expansion resistant to atrial natriuretic peptides

Renin-angiotensin system in vertebrates: phylogenetic view of structure and f…

Renin substrate, biological renin activity, and/or renin-secreting cells in kidneys evolved at an early stage of vertebrate phylogeny. Angiotensin (Ang) I and II molecules have been identified biochemically in representative species of all vertebrate classes, although variation occurs in amino acids at positions 1, 5, and 9 of Ang I. Variations have also evolved in amino acid positions 3 and 4 …

Renin–angiotensin system blockade for the risk of cancer and death

The effects of renin–angiotensin system blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) on cancer remain inconsistent

Classical Renin-Angiotensin System in Kidney Physiology

The renin-angiotensin system has powerful effects in control of the blood pressure and sodium homeostasis. These actions are coordinated through integrated actions in the kidney, cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. Along with its impact on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system also influences a range of processes from inflammation and immune responses to longevity. Her…

Premature Ventricular Contraction–Induced Cardiomyopathy

Premature ventricular contractions are of common occurrence in routine clinical practice. Though generally perceived as of benign consequence in healthy people in the absence of heart disease, their presence can be a harbinger of fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmia in individuals with structural heart disease. With some of the latest insights into the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmia, esp…

Cardiac characteristics in the premature ventricular contraction patients wit…

Background/Aims: Frequent (sustained) premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) lead to ventricular tachycardia (VT), which triggers ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. The cardiac characteristics and risk prediction in frequent/sustained PVC patients with or without VT have been still in need of investigation. Methods: The data from patients with frequent PVCs via 24 h ambulator…

Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder of the kidneys that results from increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier. It is characterized by 4 major clinical characteristics that are used in establishing the diagnosis: proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. This article reviews nephrotic syndrome in the pediatric population, with special attention paid to minimal chan…