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The immunology of asthma
Asthma is a common disease that affects 300 million people worldwide. Given the large number of eosinophils in the airways of people with mild asthma, and verified by data from murine models, asthma was long considered the hallmark T helper type 2 (TH2) disease of the airways. It is now known that some asthmatic inflammation is neutrophilic, controlled by the TH17 subset of helper T cells, and…
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An algorithm recommendation for the pharmacological management of allergic rh…
Allergic rhinitis is a frequent presenting problem in primary care in the UK, and has increased in prevalence over the last 30 years. When symptomatic, patients report significant reduction in their quality of life and impairment in school and work performance. Achieving adequate symptom control is pivotal to successful allergic rhinitis management, and relies mostly on pharmacotherapy. Whil…
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Diagnosis dan Penanganan Terkini Bronkiolitis pada Anak
Bronkiolitis adalah infeksi saluran napas bawah pada bayi yang umumnya disebabkan oleh infeksi Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), ditandai dengan gejala peradangan akut, edema, dan nekrosis dinding sel epitel saluran napas kecil disertai peningkatan produksi mukus. Rendahnya kadar vitamin D turut berperan dalam perkembangan penyakit ini. Gejala dan tanda umumnya dimulai dari batuk dan pilek, da…
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Impact of erdosteine on chronic bronchitis and COPD: A meta-analysis
A previous meta-analysis suggested that the treatment with erdosteine was associated with significant amelioration of the cumulative global efficacy index and symptoms in comparison to placebo or other mucolytics. However, this conclusion was criticized because the meta-analysis, as it had been done, made it impossible to preclude the potential operation of selection biases within and across t…
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Zinc supplementation in children with asthma exacerbation
Zinc deficiency has demonstrated an association with the risk of asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of zinc supplementation in reducing the severity of childhood asthma exacerbation. A number of 42 children with asthma exacerbation admitted to the hospital were randomized to receive either zinc bis-glycinate (30 mg elemental zinc/day) or a placebo in adjuvant to the standard tre…
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Serum copper and zinc levels of children with asthma
Zinc is as an essential micronutrient for normal growth and health that have important effects on biologic actions including enzyme activity, and release of insulin, homeostasis, cardiovascular, immune function and DNA construction. Childhood asthma is a respiratory disease with increased airway inflammation and airway obstruction was associated with infiltration and accumulation of neutrophil…
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SERUM LEAD, COPPER AND ZINC IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Bronchial asthma is chronic inflammatory of the lung airways resulting in episodic airflow obstruction. Lead exposure results in alteration of immune system function resulting in asthma. Zinc, copper are component of antioxidant system and alteration of their level affect increase risk of asthma
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Asthma Exacerbations: Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment
Guideline-based management of asthma focuses on disease severity and choosing the appropriate medical therapy to control symptoms and reduce the risk of exacerbations. However, irrespective of asthma severity and often despite optimal medical therapy, patients may experience acute exacerbations of symptoms and a loss of disease control. Asthma exacerbations are most commonly triggered by vir…
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Thunderstorm asthma: revealing a hidden at-risk population
Epidemic thunderstorm asthma (ETSA) refers to large-scale acute bronchospasm events associated with thunderstorm. The most serious episode ever recorded occurred in Melbourne, Australia, in November 2016, where more than 3500 patients were treated in hospitals and 10 died. Previous work has been focused primarily on patient presentations to emergency departments. The prevalence of individuals …
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The immunology of asthma: Asthma phenotypes and their implications for person…
To review current thinking regarding the role of personalized phenotype-driven as opposed to broad guideline-based therapies in asthma and to speculate on the relative contributions of innate (lung) and adaptive (T and B lymphocyte) roles in asthma pathogenesis.
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