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Diagnosis and clinical genetics of Cushing syndrome in pediatrics
Endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) in pediatrics is rare; it may be caused by tumors that produce corticotropin (ACTH) in the pituitary gland (this form of CS is called Cushing disease) or elsewhere (ectopic CS), tumors that produce corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) anywhere (mostly neuroendocrine tissues), and finally adrenocortical masses that produce cortisol, such as adrenocortical cancer…
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Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome
More than a century ago, Harvey Cushing introduced the term “pluriglandular syndrome” to describe a disorder characterized by rapid development of central obesity, arterial hypertension, proximal muscle weakness, diabetes mellitus, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, thin skin, and ecchymoses.
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The Investigation of Cushing Syndrome: Essentials in Optimizing Appropriate D…
The investigation of Cushing syndrome (CS) should start with careful history taking and clinical examination, and exogenous steroid usage must be excluded. It is essential to confirm hypercortisolism before further investigations are undertaken. The recommended first-line tests include midnight salivary cortisol and/or the 1 mg overnight or low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests. The next ste…
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The Neuropsychiatric Complications of Glucocorticoid Use: Steroid Psychosis R…
Glucocorticoids are widely prescribed for a variety of diseases and are known to cause neuropsychiatric as well as somatic side effects
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Prevention and management of glucocorticoid-induced side effects: A comprehen…
After completing this learning activity, participants should be able to describe key features of glucocorticoid pharmacology and anticipate, prevent, and manage complications of glucocorticoid use affecting bone health.
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Corticosteroid-induced neuropsychiatric disorders: review and contrast with n…
The aim of this review is to analyze the available literature regarding the neuropsychiatric (NP) disturbances associated with corticosteroid (CS) therapy; to determine the nature, severity, and frequency of these NP symptoms; and to identify the various risk factors involved in the development of CS-induced NP disturbances. We searched the available literature since the advent of corticosteroi…
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Role of Estrogens and Estrogen-Like Compounds in Female Sexual Function and D…
Observational studies that have considered relationship factors and physical or mental health have reported that these factors contribute more to sexual functioning than menopausal status or estrogen levels. Few clinical trials have investigated estrogen therapy with sexual function as a primary outcome. The available data do not support systemic estrogen therapy for the treatment of female sex…
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Role of hormones in hypoactive sexual desire disorder and current treatment
Over the decades, female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has grown to be an increasingly potential problem that complicates the quality of life among women. In the current review, FSD refers to recurrent and persistent problems with sexual orgasm, desire, or response. One of the most common subtypes of FSD that has evoked increased research interest in the scientific community is hyposexuality. Today,…
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The Role of Hormones in Male Sexual Function
Male sexual dysfunction has many different causes and is often multifactorial in nature. We aim to review the effects that testosterone (T), estrogen, thyroid hormone, prolactin (PRL), and cortisol have on male sexual function. Recent Findings T deficiency can cause decreased libido and diminished erectile function. Estrogen is necessary for sexual drive but is postulated to inhibit erectile fu…
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Research Priorities for Endometriosis: Recommendations From a Global Consorti…
The 3rd International Consensus Workshop on Research Priorities in Endometriosis was held in Sa˜o Paulo on May 4, 2014, following the 12th World Congress on Endometriosis. The workshop was attended by 60 participants from 19 countries and was divided into 5 main sessions covering pathogenesis/pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis/classification/prognosis, disease/ symptom management, and res…
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