Preeclampsia Induced Ocular Change

Preeclampsia/eclampsia, the most common medical complication of pregnancy, can affect visual system as an end organ damage. Visual symptoms occur in 25% of patients with severe preeclampsia and 50% of patients with eclampsia. Visual system may be affected by hypertensive retinopathy, exudative retinal detachment, and cortical blindness.

Circulating Cytokines and Histological Liver Damage in Chronic Hepatitis B In…

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Evaluation of serum levels of IL-6, TNF-, IL-10,IL-2 and IL-4 in patients wit…

Changes in various cytokine activities have been reported during both HBV andHCV infections, while an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokineproduction influences their immunopathogenesis. The aims of the present study are (a) tomeasure serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor  (TNF-), interleukin-10(IL-10), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)…

Serum IL-21 levels associated with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B-relate…

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-21 in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. IL-21 stimulates T and B cell responses and plays a role in the control of chronic viral infections. Serum IL-21 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 109 patients with chronic HBV infection at various clinical stages, as well as in 19 healthy controls (HCs).

Interleukin-21 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection in a Chin…

In this case-control study, 366 Chinese HBV-infected patients were recruited and divided into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n = 94) and non-HCC (n = 272) groups at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, from April 2009 to December 2012. In the non-HCC group, the patients were classified into three clinical subsets, 76 patients had chronic hepatitis B, 101 were HBV carriers a…

Hepatitis B virus persistence in mice reveals IL-21 and IL-33 as regulators o…

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) generally causes self-limiting infection in immunocompetent adults, but establishes chronic infection in some adults and in most maternally infected infants. Factors determining clearance versus persistence are not fully understood. Hydrodynamic injection (HDI) of HBV replicon plasmid via tail vein generally results in quick clearance in immunocompetent adult mice. Here,…

Viral Hepatitis in Pregnancy – A study of its Effect on Maternal and Foetal…

The outcome of Hepatitis during pregnancy has been observed to be widely different by various authors, ranging from the benign to fatal. A poor outcome has increasingly been observed in pregnant women suffering from Hepatitis in Central India. Hence, this study was undertaken to study the incidence, causative organisms and chief prognostic factors affecting the outcome of viral hepatitis in pre…

Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia: An Update on the Pharmacological Treatment Appli…

Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are two hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, considered major causes of maternal and perinatal death worldwide. Pre-eclampsia is a multisystemic disease characterized by the development of hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation, with the presence of proteinuria or, in its absence, of signs or symptoms indicative of target organ injury. Eclampsia represents the con…

Intrauterine Devices: An Update

Three intrauterine devices (IUDs) are available in the United States: the copper T 380A and two levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs, one that releases 20 mcg of levonorgestrel per 24 hours, and one that releases 14 mcg per 24 hours. All are safe and effective methods of contraception that work predominantly by prefertilization mechanisms. The copper T 380A IUD may be placed in nonpregnant women at an…

Hepatitis B Management in the Pregnant Patient: An Update

Chronic hepatitis B is a worldwide disease, with significant burden on health care systems. While universal vaccination programs have led to an overall decrease in incidence of transmission of hepatitis B, unfortunately, there remain large areas in the world where vaccination against hepatitis B is not practiced. In addition, vertical transmission of hepatitis B persists as a major concern