Nephrotic syndrome is an important clinical condition affecting both children and adults. Studies suggest that the pathogenesis of edema in individual patients may occur via widely variable mechanisms, i.e., intravascular volume underfilling versus overfilling. Managing edema should therefore be directed to the underlying pathophysiology. Nephrotic syndrome is also associated with clinically …
Right heart function is a significant determinant of outcomes across a variety of aetiologies of rightrnventricular (RV) dysfunction. Right heart failure syndrome is characterised by the inability of the rightrnventricle to generate sufficient stroke volume. Management often requires simultaneous execution ofrnmultiple strategies to optimise RV preload, contractility and afterload, while mainta…