Innate, innate-like and adaptive lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the immune system damages the protective insulation surrounding the nerve fibers that project from neurons. A hallmark of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is autoimmunity against proteins of the myelin sheath. Most studies in this field have focused …

Regulatory T Cell Responses to High-Dose Methylprednisolone in Active Systemi…

A slight increase in the proportion of circulating regulatory T (Treg) cells has been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients taking oral prednisone. The effects of intravenous (IV) high dose methylprednisolone (MP) on Tregs have not yet been described, especially in active SLE.

The immunology of asthma

Asthma is a common disease that affects 300 million people worldwide. Given the large number of eosinophils in the airways of people with mild asthma, and verified by data from murine models, asthma was long considered the hallmark T helper type 2 (TH2) disease of the airways. It is now known that some asthmatic inflammation is neutrophilic, controlled by the TH17 subset of helper T cells, and…

The Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis

Lupus nephritis is an immune complex GN that develops as a frequent complication of SLE. The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis involves a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. The extrarenal etiology of systemic lupus is based on multiple combinations of genetic variants that compromise those mechanisms normally assuring immune tolerance to nuclear autoantigens. This loss of tolerance becomes clinica…

Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-In…

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Dendritic cell subsets in T cell programming: location dictates function

Dendritic cells (DCs) can be viewed as translators between innate and adaptive immunity. They integrate signals derived from tissue infection or damage and present processed antigen from these sites to naive T cells in secondary lymphoid organs while also providing multiple soluble and surface-bound signals that help to guide T cell differentiation

Circulating Cytokines and Histological Liver Damage in Chronic Hepatitis B In…

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Evaluation of serum levels of IL-6, TNF-, IL-10,IL-2 and IL-4 in patients wit…

Changes in various cytokine activities have been reported during both HBV andHCV infections, while an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokineproduction influences their immunopathogenesis. The aims of the present study are (a) tomeasure serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor  (TNF-), interleukin-10(IL-10), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)…

Cytokine storm in Covid-19-Immunopathological mechanisms, clinical considerat…

Cytokine storm is an acute hyperinflammatory response that may be responsible for critical illness inmany conditions including viral infections, cancer, sepsis, andmulti-organ failure. The phenomenon has been implicated in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus implicated in COVID-19. Critically ill COVID-19 patients experiencing cytokine storm are believed to …

Treatment of severe lupus nephritis the new horizon

Lupus nephritis is a common and severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, and an important cause of both acute kidney injury and end-stage renal disease. Despite its aggressive course, lupus nephritis is amenable to treatment in the majority of patients. The paradigm of immunosuppressive treatment for lupus nephritis has evolved over the past few decades from corticosteroids alone t…