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Probiotics: an update on mechanisms of action and clinical applications
Probiotics are live microbial feed supplement and can provide health benefit to the host if administered in sufficient amounts. The most predominant species that have been used as probiotic include Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Proper administration of probiotics could be efficient in the treatment of various disorders. However; their mechanism of action is poorly understood
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Evaluation and management of variceal bleeding
Acute variceal bleeding is one of the most fatal complications of cirrhosis and is responsible for about one-third of cirrhosis-related deaths.Therefore,every effort should be made to emergently resuscitate the patients,start pharma-cotherapy as soon as possible and do endoscopic therapy in a timely manner. Despite there cent advances in treatment, mortality rate is still high.We provide a comp…
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Radiation Colitis and Proctitis
Radiation therapy is commonly utilized as a major component in the treatment of pelvic malignancy. Unfortunately, secondary toxicity to the lower gastrointestinal tract can occur. This most commonly affects the rectum, although injuries to the colon and small intestine are not uncommon. The presentation can be acute or chronic, and different mechanisms are responsible for each. Symptomatology i…
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Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases: Insights, Advances, and Challenges
Infectious diseases are a significant burden on public health and economic stability of societies all over the world. They have for centuries been among the leading causes of death and disability and presented growing challenges to health security and human progress.The threat posed by infectious diseases is further deepened by the continued emergence of new, unrecognized, and old infectious d…
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One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: two decades of progress?
Infectious diseases affect people, domestic animals and wildlife alike, with many pathogens being able to infect multiple species. Fifty years ago, following the wide-scale manufacture and use of antibiotics and vaccines, it seemed that the battle against infections was being won for the human population. Since then, however, and in addition to increasing antimicrobial resistance among bacteri…
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Metal-Based Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases can be transmitted and they cause a significant burden on public health globally. They are the greatest world killers and it is estimated that they are responsible for the demise of over 17 million people annually. The impact of these diseases is greater in the developing countries. People with compromised immune systems and children are the most affected. Infectious disease…
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Patient Diagnosis Resource for RADIATION COLITIS
Your doctor has determined that you have radiation colitis, an inflammation of the colon that occurs as a side effect of cancer radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvis. The condition can arise from external radiation treatment delivered by a high energy X-ray machine or internal radiation therapy, which is delivered through small implants placed directly into or near the cancerous tumor
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Acute Liver Injury and Failure
Acute liver injury (ALI) and acute liver failure (ALF) are clinical syndromes that are frequently life threatening, characterized by a rapid loss of hepatocyte function in a patient without pre-existing liver disease.1 Numerous definitions for ALF have been proposed in the published literature, most of which involve a combination of an acute onset of clinical signs, the presence of coagulopathy…
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