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Comparing approaches to the management of malignant pleural effusions
Management of symptomatic malignant pleural effusions is becoming more complex due to the range of treatment options, which include therapeutic thoracenteses, thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis, bedside pleurodesis with talc or other sclerosing agents via small-bore chest catheters, indwelling pleural catheters, surgery, or a combination of some of these procedures
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Can malignant and inflammatory pleural effusions in dogs be distinguished usi…
Computed tomography (CT) is the primary imaging modality used to investigate human patients with suspected malignant or inflammatory pleural effusion, but there is a lack of information about the clinical use of this test in dogs. To identify CT signs that could be used to distinguish pleural malignant neoplasia from pleuritis, a retrospective case-control study was done based on dogs that had …
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Surgical management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer
More than 75% of the cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are diagnosed in advanced stages (IIIA-IV). Although in these patients the role of surgery is unclear, complete tumor resection can be achieved in selected cases, with good long-term survival. In this review, current indications for surgery in advanced NSCLC are discussed. In stage IIIA (N2), surgery after induction chemotherap…
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Long-term outcomes of surgical resection for stage IV non-small-cell lung can…
Surgery for cT1-2, N0-1, M1 or cT3, N0, M1 disease is associated with a 5-year survival of 25% and does not appear to compromise outcomes when compared to non-operative therapy, supporting guidelines that recommend surgery for very select patients with stage IV disease. However, surgery provides less benefit and should be considered much less often for stage IV patients with mediastinal noda…
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Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. GC is a heterogeneous disease and the endpoint of a long multistep process largely influenced by Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic susceptibility, and environmental factors. In a subset of GC cases, infection with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) may also be involved. The d…
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Targeted Therapy as an Alternative to Whole-Brain Radiotherapy in EGFR-Mutant…
Patients with advanced EGFR-mutant or ALK-positive non–smallcell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a high cumulative risk (>70%) for developing brainmetastases (BrM) during the course of their disease. Recently, an update of the graded prognostic assessment (GPA) for patients with NSCLCandBrMhas established that molecular alterations in EGFR or ALK are an independent prognostic factor for betteroutcomes.
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Role of chemotherapy and targeted therapy in early-stage non-small cell lung …
Adjuvant platinum based chemotherapy is accepted as standard of care in stage II and III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and is often considered in patients with stage IB disease who have tumors ≥ 4 cm. The survival advantage is modest with approximately 5% at 5 years
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Gastric cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment an…
Almost one million (951 600) new cases of gastric cancer were diagnosed globally in 2012, resulting in ∼723 100 deaths [1]. Of these ∼140 000 cases and ∼107 000 deaths occurred in Europe [2]. Gastric cancer displays significant global variation in incidence; the highest rates are seen in Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe and South America, with lower rates in North America and Western Europe…
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The Role of Hippo/YAP Signaling in Vascular Remodeling and Related Diseases
Vascular remodeling is a vital process of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases and represents the altered structure and arrangement of blood vessels. The Hippo pathway controls organ size by regulating cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcription coactivator, is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway. Emerging evidence supports that the Hippo/…
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G-CSF and GM-CSF in Neutropenia
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) are used widely to promote the production of granulocytes or antigen presenting cells (APC). The Food and Drug Administration approved G-CSF (filgrastim) for the treatment of congenital and acquired neutropenias and for mobilization of peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cells for stem ce…
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