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Role of the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system in the progression of renal…
The intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has many well-documented pathophysiologic functions in both blood pressure regulation and renal disease development. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the major bioactive product of the RAS. It induces inflammation, renal cell growth, mitogenesis, apoptosis, migration, and differentiation
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Nitric oxide synthase regulation of cardiac excitation–contraction coupling…
Significant advances in our understanding of the ability of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) tomodulate cardiac function have provided key insights into the role NOS play in the regulation of excitation–contraction (EC) coupling in health and disease. Through both cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent (e.g. S-nitrosylation) mechanisms, NOS have the ability to alter intracellular Ca2+ handling an…
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Transcatheter vs surgical aortic-valve replacement in lowto intermediate-surg…
The American and European expert documents recommend transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for inoperable or high-surgical-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. In comparison, efficacy of TAVR is relatively less studied in low- to intermediate-surgical-risk patients. We sought to discover whether TAVR can be as effective as surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in low- to inter…
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Prosthetic Aortic Valves: Challenges and Solutions
Aortic Valve Disease (AVD) is the most common Valvular Heart Disease (VHD), affecting millions of people worldwide. Severe AVD is treated in most cases with prosthetic aortic valve replacement, which involves the substitution of the native aortic valve with a prosthetic one. In this review we will discuss the different types of prosthetic aortic valves available for implantation and the challe…
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Risk Assessment and Management of the Mother with Cardiovascular Disease
Advances in medical care, particularly cardiac surgery, over the past half century have led to significant improvements in outcomes for children with chronic medical conditions. Children with structural heart defects, both genetic and acquired, have seen a profound improvement in survival.1,2 With anticipated adult survival for most children with cardiovascular conditions, an increasing number…
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Angiotensin II and skeletal muscle abnormalities
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is known to be activated systemically and in local organs in cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease and other chronic diseases, as well as with age. This activation is strongly associated with organ damage. Many studies have reported the role of RAS activation in cardiovascular disease, and angiotensin II (Ang II) in particular has been identified as a…
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Clinical Experience With IV Angiotensin II Administration: A Systematic Revie…
Adverse events associated with angiotensin II were infrequent; however, exacerbation of asthma and congestive heart failure and one fatal cerebral hemorrhage were reported. This systematic review supports the notion that angiotensin II has an acceptable safety profile for use in humans
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The Relationship Between Slow Coronary Flow and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme…
Endothelial dysfunction in coronary arteries is the main pathogenetic mechanism in patients with slow coronary flow (SCF). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism has important effects on endothelial function. However, angiographic studies investigating the relation between the ACE and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATIIR1) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism and SCF is…
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Diagnosis and assessment of renal fibrosis: the state of the art
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as an alteration of kidney function and/or structure lasting for more than 3 months and is a major public health issue. Histo-logically, the severity of CKD correlates with the magni-tude of kidney cortical interstitial fibrosis. Estimation of kidney fibrosis is crucial to assess prognosis and guide therapy in both native and allograft kidneys. Biopsy is …
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Discovery and Validation of a Molecular Signature for the Noninvasive Diagnos…
In the discovery set, urinary cell levels of the following mRNAs were significantly associated with the presence of allograft fibrosis: vimentin (PG0.0001, logistic regression model), hepatocyte growth factor (PG0.0001), >Ysmooth muscle actin (PG0.0001), fibronectin 1 (PG0.0001), perforin (P=0.0002), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (P=0.0002), transforming growth factor A1 (P=0.0004), tiss…
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