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An Introduction to Nitric Oxide Sensing and Response in Bacteria
Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical gas that has been intensively studied for its role as a bacteriostatic agent. NO reacts in complex ways with biological molecules, especially metal centers and other radicals, to generate other bioactive compounds that inhibit enzymes, oxidize macromolecules, and arrest bacterial growth. Bacteria encounter not only NO derived from the host during infection but al…
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Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy
Pregnant women who acquire infection from Toxoplasma gondii usually remain asymptomatic, although they can still transmit the infection to their fetuses with severe consequences. Given the asymptomatic nature of most Toxoplasma infections, primary prevention in pregnant women may lower the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Both consumption of undercooked meat and unprotected contact with soil a…
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Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy: Prevention, Screening, and Treatment
One of the major consequences of pregnant women becoming infected by Toxoplasma gondii is vertical transmission to the fetus. Although rare, congenital toxoplasmosis can cause severe neurological or ocular disease (leading to blindness), as well as cardiac and cerebral anomalies. Prenatal care must include education about prevention of toxoplasmosis. The low prevalence of the disease in the Can…
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Massive hemoptysis from Rasmussen's aneurysm in active pulmonary tuberculosis…
Rasmussen’s aneurysm, a very rare complication of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), is a pulmonary artery aneurysm adjacent to or within a tuberculous cavity. It may lead to rupture and life threatening massive hemoptysis, an uncommon but challenging medico-surgical emergency. This complication warrants attention in view of the resurgence of tuberculosis and increasing occurrence of mult…
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Tsunami Lung in Great East Japan Earthquake 2011: Clinical Time Course, Featu…
Drowning was the cause of death in almost all victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami (GEJET). People who experienced near-drowning suffered from Tsunami lung afterward. Tsunami lung is initiated by the aspiration of a vast amount of sea water including sand, sludge from the sea bottom, small pieces of wood, petroleum, and undefined chemicals. Physical and chemical insults on the pu…
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Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lym…
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume-to-platelet count (MPV/PC) ratio are readily available parameters that might have discriminative power regarding outcome. The aim of our study was to assess prognostic value of these biomarkers regarding outcome in critically ill patients with secondary sepsi…
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Tonsillectomy Does Not Decrease the Risk of Helicobacter pylori Transmission
This study has shown that tonsillectomy has no protective effect on H. pylori transmission. There may be 2 reasons for this. First, after bacteria reach into the oral cavity, it directly transmits to the stomach without colonization on the tonsillar tissue. On the other hand, H. pylori may be colonizing upper respiratory tract mucosal tissues other than the tonsils and subsequently causing gas…
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Management of Patients With Fever and Neutropenia Through the Arc of Time : A…
The association between fever and neutropenia and the risk for life-threatening infections in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy has been known for 50 years. Indeed, infectious complications have been a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer.
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Role of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Count Ratio in the Differential Diagnosis b…
Differential diagnosis between pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often challenging. The neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLR), a convenient marker of inflammation, has been demonstrated to be a useful biomarker for predicting bacteremia. We investigated the usefulness of the NLR for discriminating pulmonary TB from bacterial CAP in an intermediate…
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Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Se…
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easily accessible biological marker that has been reported to represent disease severity. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between NLR and mortality in patients with sepsis.
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