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Efforts at COVID-19 Vaccine Development: Challenges and Successes
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus (CoV), throughout the globe poses a daunting public health emergency. Di erent preventive e orts have been undertaken in response to this global health predicament; amongst them, vaccine development is at the forefront. Several sophisticated designs have been applied to create a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, and 44 candidates have already enter…
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SARS‑CoV‑2/COVID‑19 and advances in developing potential therapeutics a…
A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing an emerging coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which has taken a catastrophic turn with high toll rates in China and subsequently spreading across the globe. The rapid spread of this virus to more than 210 countries while affecting more than 25 million people and causing more than 843,000 human deaths, i…
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Viral targets for vaccines against COVID-19
Vaccines are urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to help the return to pre- pandemic normalcy. A great many vaccine candidates are being developed, several of which have completed late- stage clinical trials and are reporting positive results. In this Progress article, we discuss which viral elements are used in COVID-19 vaccine candidates, why they …
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Desensitization Therapy for Allergic Reactions to Antituberculous Drugs
We retrospectively evaluated the clinical usefulness of desensitization therapy for many patients showing allergic reactions to anti-mycobacterial drugs (INH and RFP) according to the proposition reported by the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis (JST).
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Current State of the First COVID-19 Vaccines
SARS CoV-2 and its associated disease COVID-19 has devastated the world during 2020. Masks and social distancing could be efficient if done by large proportions of the population, but pandemic fatigue has decreased their efficacy. Economic shut downs come with large price tags and cannot be a long term solution either. The announcements by three vaccine manufacturers in November that their vacc…
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A Proactive Approach for Managing Covid-19: The Importance of understanding t…
Vaccination hesitancy—the reluctance or refusal to be vaccinated—is a leading global health threat (World Health Organization, 2019). It is imperative to identify the prevalence of vaccination hesitancy for SARS-CoV2 in order to understand the scope of the problem and to identify its motivational roots in order to proactively prepare to address the problem when a vaccine eventually becomes …
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Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have afflicted tens of millions of people in a worldwide pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are needed urgently.
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Vaccines for COVID-19
Since the emergence of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the end of 2019, there has been an explosion of vaccine development. By 24 September 2020, a staggering number of vaccines (more than 200) had started preclinical development, of which 43 had entered clinical trials, including some approaches that have not previously been licensed for human vaccines.
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What defines an efficacious COVID-19 vaccine? A review of the challenges asse…
The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused more than 1 million deaths in the first 6 months of the pandemic and huge economic and social upheaval internationally. An efficacious vaccine is essential to prevent further morbidity and mortality. Although some countries might deploy COVID-19 vaccines on the strength of safety and immunogenicity d…
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Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults (Review)
Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is a neurocutaneous disease caused by the reactivation of the virus that causes varicella (chickenpox). APer resolution of the varicella episode, the virus can remain latent in the sensitive dorsal ganglia of the spine. Years later, with declining immunity, the varicella zoster virus (VZV) can reactivate and cause herpes zoster, an extremely painful …
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