Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a beta coronavirus with a characteristic S-glycoprotein spike on the cell surface. Initial reports did not include cutaneous manifestations as a feature of COVID-19; however, there is a growing repertoire of reports demonstrating an array of dermatologic manifestations on the skin…
To summarise the evidence of associations between dietary factors and incidence of type 2 diabetes and to evaluate the strength and validity of these associations
The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused rapid and monumental changes around the world. Older people, who already experience higher rates of social isolation and loneliness, are more susceptible to adverse effects as a result of the social distancing protocols enacted to slow the spread of COVID-19. Based on prior outbreaks, we speculate the detrimental outcomes and offer solutions
This article examines the determinants of healthy aging using Grossman’s framework of a health production function. Healthy aging, sometimes described as successful aging, is produced using a variety of inputs, determined in early life, young adulthood, midlife, and later life. A healthy aging production function is estimated using nationally representative data from the 2010 and 2012 He…
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with incremental risk for death and chronic kidney disease and represents a mounting clinical challenge for healthcare professionals. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) use in ICU settings is rising, likely in response to similar trends in AKI, taken together with an ageing population burdened by high prevalence of multi-morbidity and high illness acuity
The essential of tobacco use is nicotine dependence. It is important to understand that habitual smoking is a chronic dependency that is liable to relapse but is amenable to repeated treatment, and to incorporate the treatment of this dependency into the routine healthcare activities. The efficacy of therapeutic programs that deal with smoking cessation on the basis of approaches using behavio…
There are now more former cigarette smokers than current smokers in the United States (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS] 2014). For more than a decade, national surveillance data on smoking cessation have revealed a similar pattern, with modest improvement—two-thirds of adult cigarette smokers indicate a desire to quit, and just over half try to quit each year; however, l…
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cessation of smoking significantly reduces the risk of dying from tobacco‑related diseases such as oral cancer, heart diseases, and lung cancer. Since smoking is considered to be a major health hazard in the world, dentists and health‑care workers need to consider it seriously and assist their patients in smoking…
A novel functional-genomics based concept of pharmacology that uses artificial intelligence techniques for mining and knowledge discovery in ‘‘big data’’ providing comprehensive information about the drugs’ targets and their functional genomics is proposed. In ‘‘process pharmacology’’, drugs are associated with biological processes. This puts the disease, regarded as altera…
Several international forums for promoting clinical pharmacology in developing countries have been held since 1980, and several clinical pharmacology programmes targeting developing countries were instituted such that the status of clinical pharmacology in developing countries is not where it was 50 years ago. Therefore, a survey and an appraisal of the literature on the current status of clini…