SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists for nephroprotection and cardio…

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major problem of public health. currently, many of these patients experience progression of cardiovascular and renal disease, even when receiving optimal treatment. In previous years, several new drug classes for the treatment of type 2 DM have emerged, including inhibitors of renal sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT…

Insulin treatment in children and adolescents with diabetes

Insulin treatment must be started as soon as possible after diagnosis (usually within 6h if ketonuria is present) to prevent metabolic decompensation and diabetic ketoacidosis (A).

Life threatening thyrotoxicosis: thyroid storm

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Metabolic syndrome : Consensus & Controversy : State of the Art

Metabolic syndrome is an epidemic that affects more and more people, increasing the probability of suffering metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in the short, medium or long term depending on the severity. The purpose of this article is to review the metabolic syndrome, assessing consensus, controversy and prevalence. The methodology was the preparation of a literature review on various healt…

Copeptin based approach Diabetes Insipidus

The indirect water-deprivation test is the current reference standard for the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. However, it is technically cumbersome to administer, and the results are often inaccurate. The current study compared the indirect water-deprivation test with direct detection of plasma copeptin, a precursorderived surrogate of arginine vasopressin

Obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: new treatment…

Obesity has risen in the US and worldwide, and has become a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and heart failure (HF), mostly HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Also, the prevalence of HF is quite high in the US accounting for 6.6 million adults at present and is projected to reach 8.5 million by the year 2030 and is equally di…

Initiating Insulin Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Ttype 1 Diabetes …

The primary clinical goals to be achieved with insulin initiation are elimination of ketosis and hyperglycemia with prevention of chronic complications. Insulin therapy is the mainstay in management of type 1 diabetes, which should be aimed at achieving good glycemic control, with achievement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

Insulin Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) requires lifelong administration of exogenous insulin. The primary goal of treatment of T1DM in children and adolescents is to maintain near-normoglycemia through intensive insulin therapy, avoid acute complications, and prevent long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications, while facilitating as close to a normal life as possible.

Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity

The following areas were systematically reviewed, especially on the basis of all available references published in South Korea and worldwide, and new guidelines were established in each area with the strength of recommendations based on the levels of evidence: 1) definition and diagnosis of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents; 2) principles of treatment of pediatric obesity; 3)…

International Consensus on Risk Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patien…

Sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors are new oral antidiabetic medications shown to effectively reduce glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and glycemic variability, blood pressure and bodyrnweight without intrinsic properties to cause hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes