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Angiotensin receptor blockers are associated with lower mortality than ACE in…
Dual renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockade using angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in combination with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) is reported to improve proteinuria in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. However, its renoprotective effect and safety remain uncertain in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). From January 1, 2000 through June 30, 2009…
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Update on Angiotensin II : New Endocrine Connections between the Brain, Adren…
In the brain, angiotensinergic pathways play a major role in chronic regulation of cardiovascular and electrolyte homeostasis. Increases in plasma angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone, [Na+] and cytokines can directly activate these pathways. Chronically, these stimuli also activate a slow neuromodulatory pathway involving local aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), epithelial sodium …
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Update on angiotensin AT2 receptors
This review updates major new findings and concepts introduced during the past year on the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) subtype 2 receptors (AT2Rs) in the control of blood pressure and renal function
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Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System: An…
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a pivotal role in the maintenance of extracellular volume homeostasis and blood pressure through complex mechanisms. Apart from the well known systemic RAS, occurrence of a local RAS has been documented in multiple tissues, including the kidney. A large body of recent evidence frompharmacologic and genetic studies, particularly those using various transgen…
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Impact of Baseline Bleeding Risk on Efficacy and Safety of Ticagrelor versus …
Among the 20,816 eligible PCI patients who were included in this study, there were 1578 and 779 patients in the clopidogrel and ticagrelor groups, respectively, after PSM, their clinical parameters were well matched. Patients receiving ticagrelor showed comparable NACE risk compared with those treated by clopidogrel (5.3% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.842). Furthermore, ticagrelor might reduce the MACCE ris…
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Anaemia in kidney disease: harnessing hypoxia responses for therapy
Improved understanding of the oxygen-dependent regulation of erythropoiesis has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of anaemia associated with renal failure and has led to the development of novel therapeutic agents for its treatment. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)‑2 is a key regulator of erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. HIF‑2 is activated by hypoxic conditions and controls the p…
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Pathophysiology of renal anaemia
Anaemia remains a prominent feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence is inversely correlated with kidney function, and the vast majority of patients with CKD Stage 5 develop anaemia [
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Uji Klinik Buta Ganda Perbedaan Profil Perdarahan Dan Outcome Klinis Pasien S…
DLBS1033 adalah enzim protease fibrinolitik yang bekerja menghidrolisis fibrin atau fibrinogen dan menstimulasi plasminogen menjadi plasmin. Plasminogen activator (e-PA) pada DLBS1033 mirip dengan tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), sehingga memungkinkan adanya aktivitas trombolitik terhadap fibrin.
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DLBS1033, A Protein Extract from Lumbricus rubellus, Possesses Antithrombotic…
The medicinal value of earthworm has been widely known since the history of Asian ancient medicine. This present study aims to determine the mechanism of action and effect of a standardized extract of Lumbricus rubellus named as DLBS1033. The fibrinogen degradation, antiplatelet aggregation, and ex vivo antithrombotic assay using human blood were performed to study antithrombotic activity. F…
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Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism
Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents summarize and evaluate all currently available evidence on a particular issue with the aim of assisting physicians in selecting the best management strategies for a typical patient, suffering from a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk/benefit ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means. Guidelines ar…
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