Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an acquired clonal frequent malignant disorder of myeloid progenitor cells. Our aim was to study demographical and clinicopathological features of adult Pakistani AML patients at presentation.
Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung diseases. Recently, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked with asthma and allergic diseases in children. This review presents the most actual knowledge on exact molecular mechanisms responsible for the ske…
Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous diseases and poses a serious challenge to the current healthcare system worldwide. Smoking impacts both innate and adaptive immunity and plays dual roles in regulating immunity by either exacerbation of pathogenic immune responses or attenuation of defensive immunity. Adaptive immune cells affected by smoking mainly include T helper cells (Th1/Th2/T…
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) includes pure SCLC and SCLC combined with other pathologies (C-SCLC). C-SCLC accounts for about 28% of all SCLCs subjected to surgical resection, but only about 1–3% of C-SCLCs are detected by biopsy. Since less than 5% of SCLC patients are eligible for surgery, it is necessary to develop alternative methods for the detection of C-SCLC
An estimated 1.6 million new lung cancers are diagnosed worldwide each year. The highest incidence rates in males are observed in Central/Eastern and Southern Europe (57 and 49 per 100 000, respectively), whereas in women the highest rates are found in Northern Europe (36 per 100 000) . Five-year survival rates of lung cancer patients have only slightly improved during the past decade but rema…
Small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC) is a well characterized form of lung cancer that is frequently already metastatic at diagnosis. Thus, patients with SCLC are usually treated with chemotherapy, and therefore emphasis has been placed on distinguishing that tumor from squamous cell carcinomas, large cell carcinomas and other pulmonary neoplasms that can more often be managed surgically. SCL…
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Different targeted therapies and the introduction of immunotherapy have successfully improved outcome for patients with non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Anti-angiogenic drugs are an essential component in the treatment of NSCLC patients. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- A antibody bevacizuma…
The molecular characterization of lung cancer has considerably changed the classification and treatment of these tumors, becoming an essential component of pathologic diagnosis and oncologic therapy decisions. Through the recognition of novel biomarkers, such as epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocations, it has been possible to identify subsets of …
Previous studies have suggested that a variety of tumor driver genetic alterations affected the treatment efficacy of chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‑tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in advanced non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present study aimed to investigate the association between the tumor genetic alteration landscape and the treatment outcome of first…
Due to inadequate defence mechanisms, cirrhotic patients with ascites have an increased susceptibility to infections, the most frequent and the most severe one being spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). SBP diagnosis is based on testing of the ascitic fluid obtained by paracentesis. A polymorphonuclear cell count of more than 250 cells/mm3 of ascitic fluid is considered diagnostic and from …