Penanganan penyakit menggunakan obat (drug treatment) merupakan bentuk terapi yang paling umum digunakan. Therapeutic efficacy obat dalam penggunaan klinis tidak hanya tergantung dari intrinsic pharmacologic activity bahan aktifnya, melainkan juga ditentukan oleh interaksi molekul obat dengan berbagai kondisi selama perjalanannya dari tempat pemberian menuju tempat kerjanya
Compared with placebo, both loratadine and fexofenadine provided significant relief of the symptoms of SAR. At the first assessment following the first dose, however, loratadine demonstrated a significant reduction from baseline in TSS compared with fexofenadine. In addition, time-to-event analysis indicated that the reduction in symptoms occurred significantly earlier with loratadine
Dysfunction of the upper and lower airways frequently coexist, and they appear to share key elements of pathogenesis. Data from epidemiologic studies indicate that nasal symptoms are experienced by as many as 78% of patients with asthma and that asthma is experienced by as many as 38% of patients with allergic rhinitis. Studies also have identified a temporal relation between the onset of rh…
Antihistamines, which inhibit the effects of histamine at H1 receptors, have been classified as first generation (i.e., relatively sedating) or second generation (i.e., relatively nonsedating).
To investigate the frequency with whichrnsedation was reported in post?marketing surveillancernstudies of four second generation antihistamines:rnloratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine, and acrivastine.
Fifteen to twenty percent of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency patients (A1ATD) have a severe liver outcome (portal hypertension -PHT) during childhood. Since they all share the same ZZ SERPINA1 genotype and that environmental factors such as alcohol cannot be advanced, the presence of modifier genes is now well recognized. SNPs located on the SERPINA1 and MAN1B1 genes have already been tes…
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with (CRwNP) and without (CRsNP) nasal polyps, is one of the most frequent chronic inflammatory diseases, with inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa and sinonasal symptoms lasting for more than 12 consecutive weeks
Cough is a natural process that protects the airway. Cough can occur spontaneously or voluntarily. It is considered chronic when it is present for longer than 4 weeks in children or 8 weeks in adults. In both, chronic cough causes patient distress and increased healthcare utilization. Etiologies of pediatric chronic cough include asthma, protracted bacterial bronchitis, tracheomalacia, habit co…
Data on the predictors of chronic cough development in young children are scarce. Our primary objective was to examine the factors associated with young children developing a chronic cough, with a focus on childcare attendance