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Prevalence and Characteristics of Dementia in Parkinson Disease: An 8-Year Pr…
More than three quarters of this representative PDcohort developed dementia during the 8-year study period. Early hallucinations and a kinetic-dominant PD were associated with an increased risk of dementia
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Cytidine 5′-Diphosphocholine (CDP-Choline) in Stroke and Other CNS Disorders
Brain phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels are regulated by a balance between synthesis and hydrolysis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1α/β) activate phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and PC-phospholipase C (PC-PLC) to hydrolyze PC. PC hydrolysis by PLA2 releases free fatty acids including arachidonic acid, and lyso-PC, an inhibitor of CTP-phospho…
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Citicoline: neuroprotective mechanisms in cerebral ischemia
Cytidine-5 ¢-diphosphocholine (citicoline or CDP-choline), an intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), has shown bene®cial effects in a number of CNS injury models and pathological conditions of the brain. Citicoline improved the outcome in several phase-III clinical trials of stroke, but provided inconclusive results in recent clinical trials.
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Citicoline for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Formal Meta-ana…
Citicoline is a drug approved for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Although evidence of its efficacy has been reported, recently published results of a large placebo-controlled clinical trial did not show differences. This study aims to assess whether starting citicoline treatment within 14 days after stroke onset improves the outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke, as compared w…
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Neuroprotective Properties of Citicoline: Facts, Doubts and Unresolved Issues
Citicoline is the generic name of the pharmaceutical substance that chemically is cytidine-50 -diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), which is identical to the natural intracellular precursor of phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. Following injection or ingestion, citicoline is believed to undergo quick hydrolysis and dephosphorylation to yield cytidine and choline, which then enter the brain separately…
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Therapeutic Applications of Citicoline for Stroke and Cognitive Dysfunction i…
Citicoline (CDP-choline; cytidine 5’-diphosphocholine), a form of the essential nutrient choline, shows promise of clinical efficacy in elderly patients with cognitive deficits, inefficient memory, and early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Citicoline has also been investigated as a therapy in stroke patients, although the results of trials to date are inconclusive
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Clinical Determinants of Poststroke Dementia
Frequency of poststroke dementia is high, and stroke considerably increases the risk of dementia. The risk factors for dementia related to stroke are still incompletely understood. We sought to examine clinical determinants of poststroke dementia in a large well-defined stroke cohort.
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Dementia After Stroke Is a Predictor of Long-term Survival
Our study is the first to demonstrate that dementia or cognitive impairment adversely influences longterm survival after stroke, even after adjusting for other commonly accepted predictors of stroke mortality. Impairment in intellectual function after stroke, independent of physical disability, has a significant impact on prognosis. Both cognitive and physical functions should be assessed in …
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Oral Citicoline in Acute Ischemic Stroke An Individual Patient Data Pooling A…
No single neuroprotective agent has been shown to influence outcome after acute stroke. Citicoline has been studied worldwide in many clinical trials with positive findings, but only 1 trial has obtained significant results in the primary efficacy variables. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of oral citicoline in patients with acute ischemic stroke by a data pooling analysis of clinical…
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Phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes promote maximal survival of retinal n…
We investigated the systemic effect of liposomes bearing apoptotic signals on the level of inflammation and neuronal death induced by ischemia–reperfusion (IR). Using a model of retinal ischemia, we showed that treatment with phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory genes, including that of Il1b, Il6, Ccl2, Ccl5…
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