The nephrotic syndrome: pathogenesis and treatment of edema formation and sec…

Nephrotic syndrome is an important clinical condition affecting both children and adults. Studies suggest that the pathogenesis of edema in individual patients may occur via widely variable mechanisms, i.e., intravascular volume underfilling versus overfilling. Managing edema should therefore be directed to the underlying pathophysiology. Nephrotic syndrome is also associated with clinically …

Pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease: Updated Recommenda…

In the summer of 2016, delegates from the German Society of Cardiology (DGK), the German Respiratory Society (DGP), and the German Society of Pediatric Cardiology (DGPK) met in Cologne, Germany, to define consensus-based practice recommendations for the management of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH).

How I treat children with haemophilia and inhibitors

Haemophilia is a serious inherited bleeding disorder resulting from a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII (haemophilia A) or coagulation factor IX (haemophilia B). While effective therapies have been developed to replace the missing factor and restore normal coagulation, they can lead to the development of neutralizing anti-drug antibodies, termed inhibitors, which significantly worsen morbid…

Genetics of NO Deficiency

Nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) deficiency has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).1,2 The term NO-cGMP de- ficiency refers to conditions that lead to the impaired bioavailability and bioactivity of NO and/or cGMP and involves mechanisms including endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) substrate deficiency and/or competition, eNOS defects and/…

Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after acute pulmonary embolism: role…

There is conflicting evidence regarding the role of residual pulmonary obstruction (RPO) or persistent right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) after pulmonary embolism (PE) as a predictor of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this study was to assess whether RPO or persistent RVD after PE is associated with recurrent VTE

Nitric oxide in fungi: is there NO light at the end of the tunnel?

Nitric oxide (NO) is a remarkable gaseous molecule with multiple and important roles in different organisms, including fungi. However, the study of the biology of NO in fungi has been hindered by the lack of a complete knowledge on the different metabolic routes that allow a proper NO balance, and the regulation of these routes. Fungi have developed NO detoxification mechanisms to combat nitr…

Myocarditis

Viral myocarditis remains a prominent infectious-inflammatory disease for patients throughout thernlifespan. The condition presents several challenges including varied modes of clinical presentation, a range ofrntimepoints when patients come to attention, a diversity of approaches to diagnosis, a spectrum of clinical courses,rnand unsettled perspectives on therapeutics in different patient sett…

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

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Prognostic value of dynamic electrocardiographic T wave changes in non-ST ele…

To assess the relationship between the evolution of T wave inversion (TWI) on the 24–48 h postadmission ECG and the patient characteristics, management and clinical outcomes among those with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).

Orthostatic hypotension: managing a difficult problem

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) leads to a significant number of hospitalizations each year, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among affected individuals. Given the increased risk for cardiovascular events and falls, it is important to identify the underlying etiology of OH and to choose appropriate therapeutic agents. OH can be non-neurogenic or neurogenic (arising fr…