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The role of nitric oxide in cardiovascular diseases
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous lipophilic free radical cellular messenger generated by three distinct isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS). NO plays an important role in the protection against the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is associated with a number of different disorders including h…
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Nitric oxide and cardiac function
Nitric oxide (NO) participates in the control of contractility and heart rate, limits cardiac remodeling after an infarction and contributes to the protective effect of ischemic pre- and postconditioning. Low concentrations of NO, with production of small amounts of cGMP, inhibit phosphodiesterase III, thus preventing the hydrolysis of cAMP. The subsequent activation of a protein-kinase A cause…
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Transfusion Management of Obstetric Hemorrhage
The importance of transfusion medicine in the management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) cannot be overstated and is reflected in the historical record with the first series of successful human-to-human transfusions being performed by James Blundell in 1818, a London obstetrician treating patients with PPH
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Developing a Systematic Approach to Obstetric Emergencies
Comparison of pre- and postassessments revealed improvements in perceived confidence and competence when managing obstetric emergencies. Nurse confidence increased by 35% and nurse competence increased by 32%. The 2-day educational program also realized significant cost savings. Overall costs for the educational program decreased from $94849 to $42974.
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Postpartum Hemorrhage: Management of Massive Transfusion
In women with postpartumhemorrhage, the need to transfuse a large amount of blood products is frequent. The ABCD ofmassive transfusions—Assessment/Activation, Blood products, Complications, and Drugs—can helpmanage this complex situation. There needs to be a definedmethod to activate themassive transfusion protocol and a well-defined means to assess the coagulation status of the patient …
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2018 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency C…
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the second annual summary of International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations that includes the most recent cardiopulmonary resuscitation science rev…
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A new medical therapy for anemia in thalassemia
In this issue of Blood, Piga et al report results of a phase 2, open label, nonrandomized, uncontrolled dose-finding study evaluating the effects of luspatercept on erythroid maturation and differentiation in adult patients with b-thalassemia.1 A high percentage of patients had an increase in hemoglobin or a reduction in transfusion burden, which helped lay the basis for future randomized trials
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microRNAs in Essential Hypertension and Blood Pressure Regulation
Unravelling the complete genetic predisposition to high blood pressure (BP) has proven to be challenging. This puzzle and the fact that coding regions of the genome account for less than 2 % of the entire human DNA support the hypothesis that mechanisms besides coding genes are likely to contribute to BP regulation. Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are emerging as key players of transcri…
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis
Renal fibrosis, particularly tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is the common final outcome of almost all progressive chronic kidney diseases. Renal fibrosis is also a reliable predictor of prognosis and a major determinant of renal insufficiency. Irrespective of the initial causes, renal fibrogenesis is a dynamic and converging process that consists of four overlapping phases: priming, activation, e…
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Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Renal Fibrosis: A Review of Animal Models an…
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition in which the kidneys do not work correctly. It has a high prevalence and represents a serious hazard to human health and estimated to affects hundreds of millions of people. Diabetes and hypertension are the two principal causes of CKD
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