PRODUCT LITERATURE
THE ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME
The first antiphospholipid antibody, a complementfixing antibody that reacted with extracts from bovine hearts, was detected in patients with syphilis in 1906. The relevant antigen was later identified as cardiolipin, a mitochondrial phospholipid. This observation became the basis for the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test for syphilis that is currently used. Mass screening of blood for syphilis led to the finding that many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had a positive VDRL test, without clinical or serologic evidence of syphilis
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