THERAPEUTIC CLASS
Update on Angiotensin II : New Endocrine Connections between the Brain, Adrenal Glands and the Cardiovascular System
In the brain, angiotensinergic pathways play a major role in chronic regulation of cardiovascular and electrolyte homeostasis. Increases in plasma angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone, [Na+] and cytokines can directly activate these pathways. Chronically, these stimuli also activate a slow neuromodulatory pathway involving local aldosterone, mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), epithelial sodium channels, and endogenous ouabain (EO). This pathway increases AT1R and NADPH oxidase subunits, and maintains/further increases activity of angiotensinergic pathways.
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