The purpose of these guidelines is to provide an up-to-date comprehensive set of recommendations in a single document for clinicians caring for adult patients with acute arterial ischemic stroke. The intended audiences are prehospital care providers, physicians, allied health professionals, and hospital administrators. These guidelines supersede the 2013 Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Guideline…
The effectiveness of current management of critically ill stroke patients depends on rapid assessment of the type of stroke, ischemic or hemorrhagic, and on a patient’s general clinical status. Thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is the only effective treatment for ischemic stroke approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), whereas no treatment h…
Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (S. Paratyphi). S. Paratyphi A and B (and, uncommonly, S. Paratyphi C) cause a disease that is clinically indistinguishable from typhoid fever, particularly in parts of Asia.
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain a global health problem, which – in nonendemic countries – are mainly seen in travelers, particularly in VFRs (visiting friends and relatives), with occasional local outbreaks occurring. A rise in anti-microbial resistance emphasizes the role of preventive measures, especially vaccinations against typhoid and paratyphoid fever for travelers visiting end…
Analyses of infection chains have demonstrated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is highly transmissive. However, data on postmortem stability and infectivity are lacking. Our finding of nasopharyngeal viral RNA stability in 79 corpses showed no time-dependent decrease. Maintained infectivity is supported by virus isolation up to 35 hours postmortem.
Despite decades of research, cerebral vasospasm (CV) continues to account for high morbidity and mortality in patients who survive their initial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common and most severe acute paralytic neuropathy, with about 100 000 people developing the disorder every year worldwide. Under the umbrella term of Guillain-Barré syndrome are several recognisable variants with distinct clinical and pathological features. The severe, generalised manifestation of Guillain-Barré syndrome with respiratory failure aff ects 2…
A number of neurological entities have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Gullian-Barre syndrome (GBS) as a presenting feature of SLE remains uncommon with just 9 cases reported in the last half-century with the first case reported in 19641-9 (Table 1). We report a young female presenting with GBS in whom SLE and WHO class V lupus nephritis (LN) was subsequently diagnosed.…
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common, immune-mediated acute polyneuropathy characterized by variable degree of motor weakness, often presenting with quadriparesis. GBS with respiratory failure requiring endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation is common, affecting approximately 30% of patients. In addition, they present with sensory features, cranial nerve involvement, …
We present an unusual case of partial anomalous venous drainage in which the vein of the right upper lobe drains into the superior vena cava, together with the azygos vein. This was discovered during surgery for a lung tumor of the right upper lobe. We present the embryological background, functional consequences and literature on this rare anatomical anomaly.