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Flunarizine: a review of its role in migraine prophylaxis
Flunarizine, a potent calcium channel blocker has been used for more than three decades for the prophylactic management of migraine. Theories suggest that flunarizine may act through multiple mechanisms such as inhibition of cortical spreading depression, neurogenic inflammation and channelopathy. Flunarizine is efficacious in the management of various types of migraines such as common, classic…
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Can flunarizine be used routinely as the first option for childhood headache …
The prevalence of headache in childhood increases due to environmental factors. Various risk factors in children whose playgrounds are restricted outside and therefore remain inactive. So diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the experience of flunarizine in childhood headache with a focus on efficacy and success
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Prognostic value of dynamic electrocardiographic T wave changes in non-ST ele…
To assess the relationship between the evolution of T wave inversion (TWI) on the 24–48 h postadmission ECG and the patient characteristics, management and clinical outcomes among those with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).
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An update of genetic basis of PCOS pathogenesis
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disorder that affects 5-20% of reproductive age women. PCOS clinical symptoms include hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction, infertility, obesity and metabolic syndrome. There is a wide heterogeneity in clinical manifestations and metabolic complications.
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Ultrasound for Cervical Length
The length of a cervix can be evaluated either by sonogram or physical examination of the cervix. Digital examination has been shown to be less consistent than ultrasound in the assessment of cervical length. The cervical length tends to be underestimated by manual examination by approximately 11 mm compared with ultrasound measurement
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Ultrasonography for Fetal Lung Masses
The differential diagnosis of congenital lung masses includes a variety of lesions, with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) and bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) being the most commonly encountered
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Training for Ultrasound Procedures
Ultrasound provides a window in the intrauterine environment, which makes the ability to intervene, assess, and provide fetal therapy during pregnancy a possibility. Ultrasound is used to guide several procedures in pregnancy, including amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), fetal blood sampling (FBS), fetal biopsy, and dilation and curettage
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Effects of Obesity on Obstetric Ultrasound Imaging
Obesity is increasing worldwide, with most of the industrialized world having obesity rates of 20%– 30% in the adult population and some selected populations, such as the southern Pacific, reporting obesity rates of 44%–80%.1,2 Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 30 and is generally divided into classes, with class I consisting of BMI of 30.0–34.9 kg/m2, class I…
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Preventing and treating orthostatic hypotension: As easy as A, B, C
Orthostatic hypotension is a chronic, debilitating illness that is difficult to treat. The therapeutic goal is to improve postural symptoms, standing time, and function rather than to achieve upright normotension, which can lead to supine hypertension. Drug therapy alone is never adequate. Because orthostatic stress varies with circumstances during the day, a patient-oriented approach that …
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Orthostatic hypotension: managing a difficult problem
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) leads to a significant number of hospitalizations each year, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality among affected individuals. Given the increased risk for cardiovascular events and falls, it is important to identify the underlying etiology of OH and to choose appropriate therapeutic agents. OH can be non-neurogenic or neurogenic (arising fr…
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