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Cisapride: Limited access and alternatives
The withdrawal of cisapride from the market will present challenges for physicians treating patients with nocturnal heartburn, gastroparesis, and dyspepsia. However, alternatives to the drug exist, and it will continue to be available under a limited-access program for patients for whom other drug treatments fail
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Cisapride: What can we learn from the rise and fall of a prokinetic?
Cisapride, the prototype serotonergic agent, evolved from a body of research that defined the key roles of serotonergic receptors in gastrointestinal motor and sensory function. Impressed by its in vitro properties and encouraged by clinical trial data, cisapride became the drug of choice for the treatment of a wide range of motility disorders and clinicians appeared impressed by its efficacy …
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Efficacy and Tolerability of Cisapride in Children
As gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in infants and children is a motility disorder which differs in pathophysiology and clinical course from GORD in adults, prokinetics should be considered the drug of choice in certain circumstances. Indeed, cisapride may result in improvement of feeding tolerance in premature infant
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Clinical profile of levobupivacaine in regional anesthesia: A systematic review
The quest for searching newer and safer anesthetic agents has always been one of the primary needs in anesthesiology practice. Levobupivacaine, the pure S (−)‑enantiomer of bupivacaine, has strongly emerged as a safer alternative for regional anesthesia than its racemic sibling, bupivacaine. Levobupivacaine has been found to be equally efficacious as bupivacaine, but with a superior pharma…
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Update on local anesthetics: focus on levobupivacaine
In recent years levobupivacaine, the pure S (−)-enantiomer of bupivacaine, emerged as a safer alternative for regional anesthesia than its racemic parent. It demonstrated less affi nity and strength of depressant effects onto myocardial and central nervous vital centers in pharmacodynamic studies, and a superior pharmacokinetic profi le. Clinically, levobupivacaine is well tolerated in a vari…
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Levobupivacaine for Pediatric Spinal Anesthesia
In this clinical trial we evaluated the clinical effects of levobupivacaine in spinal anesthesia in children. An open, noncomparative study was performed on 40 children, aged 1–14 yr, undergoing elective lower abdominal or lower limb surgery. A plain solution of S()- bupivacaine 5 mg/mL at a mean dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight (range, 0.2– 0.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered via the L3…
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Cilostazol Has Beneficial Effects in Treatment of Intermittent Claudication :…
Cilostazol is a new phosphodiesterase inhibitor that suppresses platelet aggregation and also acts as a direct arterial vasodilator. This prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of cilostazol for treatment of stable, moderately severe intermittent claudication
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Coronary Stent Restenosis in Patients Treated With Cilostazol
Restenosis after implantation of coronary artery stents remains a significant clinical problem. We undertook a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether cilostazol, a drug that suppresses intimal proliferation, would reduce renarrowing in patients after stent implantation in native coronary arteries
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Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune r…
Astaxanthin modulates immune response, inhibits cancer cell growth, reduces bacterial load and gastric inflammation, and protects against UVA-induced oxidative stress in in vitro and rodent models. Similar clinical studies in humans are unavailable. Our objective is to study the action of dietary astaxanthin in modulating immune response, oxidative status and inflammation in young healthy adult…
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Astaxanthin in Cardiovascular Health and Disease
Oxidative stress and inflammation are established processes contributing to cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. However, antioxidant therapies tested in cardiovascular disease such as vitamin E, C and β-carotene have proved unsuccessful at reducing cardiovascular events and mortality. Although these outcomes may reflect limitations in trial design, new, more potent antioxidant th…
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