Antibiotic-Induced Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Release from Salmonella typhi: De…

It has been suggested that the antibiotic-induced release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important cause of the development of septic shock in patients treated for severe infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. b-Lactam antibiotics change the integrity of the bacterial cell envelope by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) in the membrane and thus may affect the amount of LPS …

TYPHOID FEVER

TYPHOID fever is a systemic infection with the bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype typhi. This highly adapted, human-specific pathogen has evolved remarkable mechanisms for persistence in its host that help to ensure its survival and transmission.

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from central ner…

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Classical Renin-Angiotensin System in Kidney Physiology

The renin-angiotensin system has powerful effects in control of the blood pressure and sodium homeostasis. These actions are coordinated through integrated actions in the kidney, cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. Along with its impact on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system also influences a range of processes from inflammation and immune responses to longevity. Her…

Management of blood pressure in heart failure

Hypertension is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure and most drugs that have demonstrated to improve prognosis in this population have the potential to reduce blood pressure. Nonetheless, the relationship between blood pressure and clinical outcomes and the relevance of blood pressure reduction in heart failure remains unclear.

Premature Ventricular Contraction–Induced Cardiomyopathy

Premature ventricular contractions are of common occurrence in routine clinical practice. Though generally perceived as of benign consequence in healthy people in the absence of heart disease, their presence can be a harbinger of fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmia in individuals with structural heart disease. With some of the latest insights into the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmia, esp…

Cardiac characteristics in the premature ventricular contraction patients wit…

Background/Aims: Frequent (sustained) premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) lead to ventricular tachycardia (VT), which triggers ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. The cardiac characteristics and risk prediction in frequent/sustained PVC patients with or without VT have been still in need of investigation. Methods: The data from patients with frequent PVCs via 24 h ambulator…

Nephrotic syndrome in children

Nephrotic syndrome is an important chronic disease in children, characterized by minimal change disease in the majority. Research on pathogenesis has emphasized the importance of T lymphocyte dysregulation and vascular permeability factors that might alter podocyte function and permselectivity. While mutations in genes that encode important podocyte proteins have also been identified, a hypoth…

Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder of the kidneys that results from increased permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier. It is characterized by 4 major clinical characteristics that are used in establishing the diagnosis: proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. This article reviews nephrotic syndrome in the pediatric population, with special attention paid to minimal chan…

Effects of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensiv…

We examined the effects of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using the data from the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) trial. CKD was defined as proteinuria and/or decreased GFR (o60 ml per min per 1.73m2) at enrollment. Among 2720 subjects with CKD, there were 1376 and 1344 patients…