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Levobupivacaine : A Review of its Pharmacology and Use as a Local Anaesthetic
The majority of in vitro, in vivo and human pharmacodynamic studies of nerve block indicate that levobupivacaine has similar potency to bupivacaine. However, levobupivacaine had a lower risk of cardiovascular and CNS toxicity than bupivacaine in animal studies. In human volunteers, levobupivacaine had less of a negative inotropic effect and, at intravenous doses >75mg, produced less prolongatio…
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A Comparison of Spinal Anesthesia with Levobupivacaine and Hyperbaric Bupivac…
Levobupivacaine showed a lower risk of cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity than bupivacaine which is the most popular local anesthetic agent in obstetric practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of Levobupivacaine compared with hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia for cesarean section
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Treatment of chronic pain: antidepressant, antiepileptic and antiarrhythmic d…
Chronic pain is complex physiologically and there are many influences on the pain experience. The approach to treatment therefore needs to be multimodal, often with a number of different interventions, both physical and psychological, delivered in parallel
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EFNS guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain: 2010 re…
This second European Federation of Neurological Societies Task Force aimed at updating the existing evidence about the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain since 2005
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Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: report of…
Pregabalin is established as effective and should be offered for relief of PDN (Level A). Venlafaxine, duloxetine, amitriptyline, gabapentin, valproate, opioids (morphine sulfate, tramadol, and oxycodone controlled-release), and capsaicin are probably effective and should be considered for treatment of PDN (Level B). Other treatments have less robust evidence or the evidence is negative. Effec…
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Pharmacokinetic equivalence study of two formulations of the anticonvulsant p…
The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the bioavailability of pregabalin capsules 150 mg manufactured by PT Dexa Medica was equivalent to the reference formulation.
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Pregabalin: Its Pharmacology and Use in Pain Management
Pregabalin is a new synthetic molecule and a structural derivative of the inhibitory neurotransmitter -aminobutyric acid. It is an 2- (2-) ligand that has analgesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sleep-modulating activities. Pregabalin binds potently to the 2- subunit of calcium channels, resulting in a reduction in the release of several neurotransmitters, including glutamate, noradrenalin…
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Impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease: Crossroads between neurol…
Non-motor symptoms contribute significantly to Parkinson’s disease (PD) related disability. Impulse control disorders (ICDs) have been recently added to the behavioural spectrum of PD-related non-motor symptoms. Such behaviours are characterized by an inappropriate drive to conduct repetitive behaviours that are usually socially inadequate or result in harmful consequences. Parkinson disea…
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Effects of Levodopa on quality of sleep and nocturnal movements in Parkinsonâ…
d Sleep disturbances are common in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), with nocturnal akinesia being one of the most burdensome. Levodopa is frequently used in clinical routine to improve nocturnal akinesia, although evidence is not well proven
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Development of new levodopa treatment strategies in Parkinson’s disease—f…
This review will illustrate the process of moving from an idea through preclinical research and Galenic developments into clinical investigations and finally to approval by regulatory agencies within the European Union. The two new treatment strategies described, levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel and levodopa/carbidopa microtablets, for advanced Parkinson’s disease, have been developed in col…
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