Oral second and third generation cephalosporins are undergoing continuing research and development in the arena of pediatric infectious disease in an attempt to fill voids created by existing agents in the quest for the ??deal??antimicrobial. This paper reviews the in vitro antimicrobial activity (pharmacodynamics) and pharmacokinetics of cefdinir, an extended spectrum oral cephalosporin, with …
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality worldwide, and systemic arterial hypertension is associated with a large number of these cases. The objective of health professionals and health policies should be searching for the best therapeutics to control this disease. A recent consensus indicated that β-blockers have recently lost their place in initial indications for the treatmen…
Nebivolol is a third generation beta-blocker, which can be distinguished from other beta-blockers by its hemodynamic profi le. It combines beta-adrenergic blocking activity with a vasodilating effect mediated by the endothelial L-arginine nitric oxide (NO) pathway. The effects of nebivolol have been compared with other beta-blockers and also with other classes of antihypertensive agents. In ge…
Nebivolol is a third-generation β-adrenoceptor antagonist. It differs from other β-adrenoceptor antagonists as it combines highly selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist properties with nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatory actions and beneficial effects on endothelial function. Nebivolol is approved in Europe and several other countries for the treatment of essential hypertension and in Europe fo…
Hypertension is a widely prevalent condition of elevated blood pressure (BP) and is the leading risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many patients have additional risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM) or previous history of CVD. Nebivolol is a third-generation beta (β)-blockers which has been shown not to influence metabolic parameters in patients with DM. Th…
Nebivolol is a highly selective b1-adrenergic receptor antagonist with a pharmacologic profile that differs from those of other drugs in its class. In addition to cardioselectivity mediated via b1 receptor blockade, nebivolol induces nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation by stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase via b3 agonism.
The introduction of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) into everyday clinical practice has greatly improved the care of patients with chronic kidney disease. ESAs have reduced the need for blood transfusions, improved survival, decreased cardiovascular complications and enhanced patient quality of life. The longer acting ESA, darbepoetin alfa (AranespR ), which can be administered less fr…
Darbepoetin due to longer half life is convenient and effective for long term. This study was done to assess the efficacy of darbepoetin in the treatment of patients on high doses of erythropoietin (EPO) and to compare its efficacy in patients resistant and responsive to EPO. This is a prospective, controlled open label study assessing the efficacy of darbepoetin in 55 hemodialysis patients on …
The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) is a prospective, observational study based on data collected from nationally representative samples of haemodialysis facilities. The burden of anaemia in haemodialysis patients is substantial, leading to considerable morbidity, mortality and reduced quality of life. This study examines anaemia management and outcomes based on data from …