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Clinical Nutrition Guidelines and Summaries for Patients
This document is about the development of clinical nutrition guidelines and the importance of summaries of these for patients as well as the need for patient involvement in the development processes, the importance of health literacy and informed decision-making concerning food and nutrition
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ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Q7 Vitamins
A systematic literature search was conducted on 27/Dec/2014 including papers published between 2004 and 2014. In total, 150 abstracts were reviewed and an additional individual search was performed by the authors for each vitamin chapter, including searching the reference lists of selected papers. Some references from the previously published guidelines were preserved, where appropriate.
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The Role of Vitamin E in Immunity
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that can protect the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the membrane from oxidation, regulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and modulate signal transduction. Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin E have been observed in animal and human models under normal and disease conditions. With advances in und…
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B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy—A Review
The B-vitamins comprise a group of eight water soluble vitamins that perform essential, closely inter-related roles in cellular functioning, acting as co-enzymes in a vast array of catabolic and anabolic enzymatic reactions. Their collective effects are particularly prevalent to numerous aspects of brain function, including energy production, DNA/RNA synthesis/repair, genomic and non-genomic me…
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Water-soluble vitamins: research update
For more than 50 years, the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences has been reviewing nutrition research and defining nutrient requirements for healthy people, referred to as the recommended dietary allowances (RDA). As new nutrition research is published, the importance of vitamins as vital nutrients is underscored, and new physiologic roles and applications to human heal…
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Update on Safety Profiles of Vitamins B1, B6, and B12: A Narrative Review
The neurotropic B vitamins B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin) are essential for proper functioning of the nervous system. Deficiencies may induce neurological disorders like peripheral neuropathy (PN) and mainly occur in vulnerable populations (eg, elderly, diabetics, alcoholics). As epidemiologic cohort studies raised safety concerns about vitamin B6/B12 intake being potentia…
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ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: Adult Renal Failure
Among patients with renal failure, those with ARF and critical illness represent by far the largest group unergoing artificial nutrition. ARF, especially in the ICU, seldom occurs as isolated organ failure but rather is a component of a much more complex metabolic environment, in the setting of the multiple organ failure. Nutritional programs for ARF patients must consider not only the metaboli…
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Guidelines for parenteral and enteral nutrition in geriatric patients in China
Based on the expert consensus on parenteral and enteral nutrition support for geriatric patients in China in 2013, domestic multidisciplinary experts were gathered to summarize the new evidence in the field of elderly nutritional support at home and abroad. The 2013 consensus was comprehensively updated and upgraded to a guideline by referring to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines …
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Current clinical aspects of parenteral nutrition in geriatric patients
Advancements in medicine, better diagnostics and zeal for a high quality of life have enabled many geriatric patients seeking medical attention for any type of illness. The elderly population is increasing globally and so does the number of such patients in hospital and critical care units. However, increased incidence of debilitating diseases in elderly makes them more prone to develop malnu…
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Vitamin C and Immune Function
Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient for humans, with pleiotropic functions related to its ability to donate electrons. It is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for a family of biosynthetic and gene regulatory enzymes. Vitamin C contributes to immune defense by supporting various cellular functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin C supports epithelial barrier function…
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