Ever since the publication of the SPARCL trial (Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels) in 2006, neurologists became aware of the fact that statins may increase the risk for future intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with previous ischemic stroke or ICH.1,2 At the same time, observational studies reported an increased risk for hemorrhagic transformation or even…
The statins have been used for 30 years to prevent coronary artery disease and stroke. Their primary mechanism of action is the lowering of serum cholesterol through inhibiting hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis thereby upregulating the hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and increasing the clearance of LDLcholesterol. Statins may exert cardiovascular protective effects that are in…
The cholesterol-lowering drugs, statins, possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and pro-osteogenic properties, and thus have been tested as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. The present systematic review aimed to answer the following focused research question: What is the effect of local and/or systemic statin use on periodontal tissues in preclinical in vivo studies of experimentally indu…
Rosuvastatin/ezetimibe combines two lipid-lowering agents: rosuvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (i.e. statin) with particularly strong inhibitory efects on hepatic cholesterol synthesis, and ezetimibe, which inhibits the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. A fxed-dose combination (FDC) of rosuvastatin/ezetimibe is indicated as an adjunctive therapy to diet for the management of pri…
The aim of this article is to examine the benefit-risk profile of rosuvastatin at doses of 10 to 40 mg. In dyslipidemic patients, rosuvastatin produced markedly greater reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and equivalent or greater improvements in various lipid measures, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared…
Many patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease do not achieve recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. This study compared the efficacy and safety of low doses of rosuvastatin (10 mg) and atorvastatin (20 mg) in high-risk patients with hypercholesterolemia
The primary objective of this 6-week, parallel-group, open-label, randomized, multicenter trial was to compare rosuvastatin with atorvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin across dose ranges for reduction of lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Secondary objectives included comparing rosuvastatin with comparators for other lipid modifications and achievement of National Cholesterol Educati…
The lipid-modifying effects of statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic African-Americans have not been well characterized. This study compared the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin treatment for 6 weeks in hypercholesterolemic African-American adults. In the African American Rosuvastatin Investigation of Efficacy and Safety (ARIES) trial (4522US/0002), 774 adult African-Americ…
Asthma exacerbations can be classified as mild, moderate, severe, or life threatening. Criteria for exacerbation severity are based on symptoms and physical examination parameters, as well as lung function and oxygen saturation. In patients with a peak expiratory flow of 50 to 79 percent of their personal best, up to two treatments of two to six inhalations of short-acting beta2 agonists 20 min…
This article summarizes the recommendations regarding the management of asthma exacerbations presented in the Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR3) (1). The evidence supporting these recommendations can be found in the report itself. All of the recommendations in this article are strong recommendations, unless indicated by the term ‘‘conditional.’’