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Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Renal Fibrosis: A Review of Animal Models an…
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition in which the kidneys do not work correctly. It has a high prevalence and represents a serious hazard to human health and estimated to affects hundreds of millions of people. Diabetes and hypertension are the two principal causes of CKD
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The immunology of asthma: Asthma phenotypes and their implications for person…
To review current thinking regarding the role of personalized phenotype-driven as opposed to broad guideline-based therapies in asthma and to speculate on the relative contributions of innate (lung) and adaptive (T and B lymphocyte) roles in asthma pathogenesis.
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Asthma
Asthma is the most common respiratory disorder in Canada. Despite significant improvement in the diagnosis and management of this disorder, the majority of Canadians with asthma remain poorly controlled. In most patients, however, control can be achieved through the use of avoidance measures and appropriate pharmacological interventions. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) represent the standard of c…
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The Expanding Role(s) of Eosinophils in Health and Disease
Surprisingly, the role(s) of eosinophils in health and disease is often summarized by clinicians and basic research scientists as a pervasive consensus opinion first learned in medical/graduate school: Eosinophils are rare white blood cells whose activities are primarily destructive and are only relevant in parasitic infections and asthma. However, is this consensus correct? This review will ar…
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Eosinophil trafficking in allergy and asthma
Blood eosinophilia and tissue eosinophilia are characteristic features of allergic inflammation and asthma, conditions associated with prominent production of TH2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. In this review, we will consider recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that promote expansion and differentiation of eosinophil progenitors in bone marrow, eosinophil recruit…
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The American Society for Preventive Cardiology: Our 30-year legacy
The American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) has as its mission “to promote the prevention of cardiovascular disease, advocate for the preservation of cardiovascular health, and disseminate high-quality, evidence-based information through the education of healthcare clinicians and their patients.” The origins of ASPC date back to a working group of National Heart, Lung, and Blood …
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One year of nuclear cardiology in Europe
Since the introduction of the need to use imaging for the monitoring of cardiomyopathies and particularly ischemic cardiomyopathies in international guidelines, articles reporting the place, the accuracy and the prognostic impact of cardiac imaging have grown exponentially. During 2015, the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging published selected pre-clinical, technical an…
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Geriatric Cardiology : A Fellow’s Perspective
Is the term geriatric cardiology redundant? Technically, geriatric cardiology refers to cardiovascular care of patients 65 years of age or older. The United States Census Bureau predicts that by the year 2050, almost 81 million Americans will fall into this demographic. The geriatric population is further broken down into elderly (between ages 75 and 84 years) and very elderly (85 years of ag…
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Acute Symptomatic Seizures: A Clinically Oriented Review
Acute symptomatic seizures are seizures closely related to neurological or systemic insults and represent about 40% of all first seizures. Diagnosis may be difficult to perform due to the subjectivity involved in recognizing the severity of insult needed to provoke epileptic seizures or in determining a clear temporal relationship. Appropriate therapeutic management, risk of developing epileps…
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Role of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Count Ratio in the Differential Diagnosis b…
Differential diagnosis between pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often challenging. The neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLR), a convenient marker of inflammation, has been demonstrated to be a useful biomarker for predicting bacteremia. We investigated the usefulness of the NLR for discriminating pulmonary TB from bacterial CAP in an intermediate…
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