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The Menopausal Transition
Menopause occurs when the ovaries have complete (or near-complete) follicular exhaustion, resulting in very low serum levels of estradiol and markedly increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Common symptoms of menopause (Box 1) often begin during the perimenopausal transition at a median of 47 years or 4 to 6 years before menopause occurs.
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Menopause
Menopause is defined retrospectively as the cessation of spontaneous menses for 12 months. Worldwide, most women enter menopause between the ages of 49 and 52 years. In the United States, the average age of menopause is 51 years. An estimated 6000 US women reach menopause each day, and with increasing life expectancy, will spend approximately 40% of their lives in the postmenopause phase. Facto…
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Role of Paced Breathing for Treatment of Hypertension
With interest, we read the review “Role of paced breathing for treatment of hypertension” [1]. Several types of interventions were described; the main focus of the paper was on a commercially available paced breathing device called the RESPeRATE. We have concerns with the current review, which is remarkably comparable to a previous, criticized, non-systematic review by the same authors [2,…
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Updated Guidelines for the Treatment of Acquired Aplastic Anemia in Children
BMT from MRD/1MMRD is the treatment of choice. When a MRD/1MMRD is not available, upfront BMT from a MUD should be considered for patients with only a slim chance of responding to IST. UCBT and haploidentical HSCT are promising options. This updated treatment algorithm should improve overall outcomes for children with AA.
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Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of adult aplastic anaemia
The guideline group was selected to be representative of UK-based aplastic anaemia (AA) medical experts. Recommendations are based on review of the literature using MEDLINE and PUBMED up to December 2014 under the heading: ‘aplastic anemia’.
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Use of Anesthesiology Services in Radiology
Technological advancements in imaging and intervention have allowed many disease processes to be treated outside of the operating room (OR). These advancements have provided alternative treatments to patients who are considered too high a risk or too unstable for traditional surgical procedures. As a result, there has been considerable increase in use of various levels of procedural sedation, i…
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Pediatric Anesthesiology Fellows’ Perception of Quality of Attending Superv…
Appropriate supervision has been shown to reduce medical errors in anesthesiology residents and other trainees across various specialties. Nonetheless, supervision of pediatric anesthesiology fellows has yet to be evaluated. The main objective of this survey investigation was to evaluate supervision of pediatric anesthesiology fellows in the United States. We hypothesized that there was an in…
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European Society of Anaesthesiology and European Board of Anaesthesiology gui…
Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) has become a widespread practice given the increasing demand to relieve anxiety, discomfort and pain during invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The role of, and credentialing required by, anaesthesiologists and practitioners performing PSA has been debated for years in different guidelines. For this reason, the European Society of Anaesthesiol…
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microRNAs in Essential Hypertension and Blood Pressure Regulation
Unravelling the complete genetic predisposition to high blood pressure (BP) has proven to be challenging. This puzzle and the fact that coding regions of the genome account for less than 2 % of the entire human DNA support the hypothesis that mechanisms besides coding genes are likely to contribute to BP regulation. Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are emerging as key players of transcri…
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis
Renal fibrosis, particularly tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is the common final outcome of almost all progressive chronic kidney diseases. Renal fibrosis is also a reliable predictor of prognosis and a major determinant of renal insufficiency. Irrespective of the initial causes, renal fibrogenesis is a dynamic and converging process that consists of four overlapping phases: priming, activation, e…
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