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The combined exercise stress echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise te…
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is commonly associated with hypertension (HTN). However, resting echocardiography (ECHO) can underestimate the severity of disease. Exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) and the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) appeared to be useful tests in dynamic assessment of HFpEF. The value of combined exercise stress echocardiography cardio…
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Cerebral Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage : A Review
Although spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) accounts for less than 20%of cases of stroke, it continues to be associated with the highest mortality of all forms of stroke and substantial morbidity rates
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Safety of ambroxol in the treatment of airway diseases in adult patients
Ambroxol is a widely used secretolytic and mucoactive over-the-counter agent primarily used to treat respiratory diseases associated with viscid mucus. Following post-marketing reports of hypersensitivity reactions and severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) possibly linked to ambroxol, the European Union’s Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) initiated in April 2014 a review…
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Informed Consent in Pediatric Research
Pediatric drug research is gradually becoming more and more accepted as the norm for assessing whether a drug is safe and efficacious for infants and children. The process of informed consent and assent for these trials presents a major challenge. The aim of this review is to map historical, ethical and legal aspects relevant to the challenges of informed consent in the setting of pediatric dru…
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Metabolic Control in Type 1 Diabetes: Is Adjunctive Therapy the Way Forward?
Despite advances in insulin therapies, patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have a shorter life span due to hyperglycaemia-induced vascular disease and hypoglycaemic complications secondary to insulin therapy. Restricting therapy for T1DM to insulin replacement is perhaps an over-simplistic approach, and we focus in this work on reviewing the role of adjuvant therapy in this population.
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Strategies for Diabetes Management: Using Newer Oral Combination Therapies Ea…
The duration of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can adversely impact small and large vessels, eventually leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Failure of therapeutic lifestyle changes, monotherapy, and clinical inertia contribute to persistent hyperglycemia and disease progression.
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from an infectious disease among adults worldwide, with more than 10 million people becoming newly sick from tuberculosis each year. Advances in diagnosis, including the use of rapid molecular testing and whole-genome sequencing in both sputum and non-sputum samples, could change this situation. Although little has changed in the treatment of d…
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Variation in Gynecologic Aseptic Technique
There are limited data available regarding the optimal protocol for preoperative skin asepsis and the steps of intraoperative patient preparation including draping, Foley, and uterine manipulator placement. Given the lack of a standard process, it is anticipated that these steps are performed in a variety of sequences
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Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of venous thrombosis
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a leading cause of global mortality, however, the determinants that contribute to thrombus development remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the role of inherited abnormalities of blood coagulation in VTE pathogenesis. In addition, we also consider recent emerging data suggesting other molecular and cellular determinants may also c…
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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient with HIV presenting …
A patient with a delayed diagnosis of vertically transmitted HIV presented with a rare form of severe warm and cold (mixed) autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, six months after starting antiretroviral therapy. The CD4 count had responded rapidly to introduction of antiretroviral therapy, rising from 5/mL to 93/mL over the course of six months. The haemolysis was resistant to immunoglobulin therap…
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