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Characterization of serum anti-diphtheria antibody activity following adminis…
There is a global shortage of equine-derived diphtheria anti-toxin (DAT) for diphtheria treatment. There are few existing data on serum antibody concentrations and neutralizing activity post-treatment to support development of new therapeutics. Antibody concentrations were quantified by ELISA and anti-toxin neutralizing activity by cytotoxicity assay in serum from 4 patients receiving DAT for s…
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Access to diphtheria antitoxin for therapy and diagnostics
The most effective treatment for diphtheria is swift administration of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) with conjunct antibiotic therapy. DAT is an equine immunoglobulin preparation and listed among the World Health Organization Essential Medicines. Essential Medicines should be available in functioning health systems at all times in adequate amounts, in appropriate dosage forms, with assured qualit…
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RISK FACTORS OF DIPHTHERIA CARRIERS IN INDONESIAN CHILDREN
Indonesia has one of the highest prevalence of diphtheria in the world, with East Java the most heavily affected. Despite the significant role of carriers in diphtheria transmission, studies in the country are still very limited. This study analyzed risk factors of children becoming diphtheria carriers using an observational case-control approach carried out from 2011 and 2015, which employed d…
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Risk factors for incomplete vaccination and missed opportunity for immunizati…
Inadequate levels of immunization against childhood diseases remain a significant public health problem in resource-poor areas of the globe. Nonetheless, the reasons for incomplete vaccination and non-uptake of immunization services are poorly understood. This study aimed at finding out the reasons for non-vaccination and the magnitude of missed opportunities for vaccination in children less t…
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Predictors of incomplete immunisation in Victorian children
A number of strategies aimed at improving immunisation coveragehave been implemented in Australia, including provider and parent incentives delivered through the Immunise Australia – Seven Point Plan.1 In Victoria, full immunisation coverage is 91.8% for children aged 12 months and 90.5% for children aged 24 months.2 While this coverage is high, it is important to understand the characteristi…
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Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents for acute coronary syndrome (Review
Approximately 3.7 million people died from acute coronary syndrome worldwide in 2012. Acute coronary syndrome, also known as myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris, is caused by a sudden blockage of the blood supplied to the heartmuscle. Percutaneous coronary intervention is often used for acute coronary syndrome, but previous systematic reviews on the effects of drug-eluting stents …
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The evolution of coronary stents
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is 40 years old this year. From its humble beginnings of experimental work, PCI has transitioned over years with coronary artery stenting now a standard medical procedure performed throughout the world
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Clinical features and outcome of pregnancy with SLE-associated thrombocytopenia
To analyze the course of maternal diseases and compare pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated thrombocytopenia to patients without
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Acute Limb Ischemia
A 57-year-old man presents with an acute onset of left foot pain, numbness, and partial loss of motor function. Four months ago, he underwent endovascular treatment for disabling claudication, which included placement of overlapping polytetrafluoroethylene- coated stents in the left superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. His popliteal and pedal pulses are absent, and the foot is cool and …
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Stress echocardiography combined with cardiopulmonary exercise testing: Openi…
According to consensus recommendations, a diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) can be obtained when three requirements are met simultaneously: signs and symptoms of heart failure; preserved left ventricular (LV) global systolic performance (ejection fraction by echocardiography >50% and LV end-systolic volume
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