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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death from an infectious disease among adults worldwide, with more than 10 million people becoming newly sick from tuberculosis each year. Advances in diagnosis, including the use of rapid molecular testing and whole-genome sequencing in both sputum and non-sputum samples, could change this situation. Although little has changed in the treatment of d…
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Variation in Gynecologic Aseptic Technique
There are limited data available regarding the optimal protocol for preoperative skin asepsis and the steps of intraoperative patient preparation including draping, Foley, and uterine manipulator placement. Given the lack of a standard process, it is anticipated that these steps are performed in a variety of sequences
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Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of venous thrombosis
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents a leading cause of global mortality, however, the determinants that contribute to thrombus development remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the role of inherited abnormalities of blood coagulation in VTE pathogenesis. In addition, we also consider recent emerging data suggesting other molecular and cellular determinants may also c…
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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient with HIV presenting …
A patient with a delayed diagnosis of vertically transmitted HIV presented with a rare form of severe warm and cold (mixed) autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, six months after starting antiretroviral therapy. The CD4 count had responded rapidly to introduction of antiretroviral therapy, rising from 5/mL to 93/mL over the course of six months. The haemolysis was resistant to immunoglobulin therap…
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Incidence of autoimmune diseases in a nationwide HIV/AIDS patient cohort in T…
It is not known if the incidences of autoimmune diseases are higher in individuals living with HIV infection or AIDS. Our study investigated the incidences of autoimmune diseases among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Taiwan during 2000–2012
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Massive hemoptysis from Rasmussen's aneurysm in active pulmonary tuberculosis…
Rasmussen’s aneurysm, a very rare complication of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), is a pulmonary artery aneurysm adjacent to or within a tuberculous cavity. It may lead to rupture and life threatening massive hemoptysis, an uncommon but challenging medico-surgical emergency. This complication warrants attention in view of the resurgence of tuberculosis and increasing occurrence of mult…
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Does dexmedetomidine offer brain protection?
Since the introduction of dexmedetomidine into clinical practice, the potent alpha2 agonist has been used in a variety of settings and for an increasing number of indications. The drug is a selective agonist to the alpha2-adreno-receptor subtype (alpha2-AR ). The alpha2-AR is widely distributed in the nervous system and in most peripheral tissues.
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Interventions to prevent hemodynamic instability during renal replacement the…
Hemodynamic instability related to renal replacement therapy (HIRRT) may increase the risk of death and limit renal recovery. Studies in end-stage renal disease populations on maintenance hemodialysis suggest that some renal replacement therapy (RRT)-related interventions (e.g., cool dialysate) may reduce the occurrence of HIRRT, but less is known about interventions to prevent HIRRT in critica…
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Amiodarone or Lidocaine for cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-anal…
Guidelines for treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOH-CA) with shockable rhythm recommend amiodarone, while lidocaine may be used if amiodarone is not available. Recent underpowered evidence suggests that amiodarone, lidocaine or placebo are equivalent with respect to survival at hospital discharge, but amiodarone and lidocaine showed higher hospital admission rates. We undertook a s…
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Pre- and post-treatment with amiodarone for elective electrical cardioversion…
Clinicians pre-treat patients with amiodarone to increase the efficacy of electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AF). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing pre- and post-treatment for electrical cardioversion with amiodarone versus no therapy on (i) acute restoration and (ii) maintenance of sinus rhythm after 1 year. We searched …
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