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Clinical Experience With IV Angiotensin II Administration: A Systematic Revie…
Adverse events associated with angiotensin II were infrequent; however, exacerbation of asthma and congestive heart failure and one fatal cerebral hemorrhage were reported. This systematic review supports the notion that angiotensin II has an acceptable safety profile for use in humans
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Epidemiology and Prognosis of Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Hepatocellular Carc…
Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) such as hypercalcaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, and erythrocytosis have been described in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aims. (1) To examine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and survival of PNS in HCC patients and (2) to evaluate the extent to which each individual PNS impacts on patient survival
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Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Refl ux Disease
Gastroesophageal refl ux disease (GERD) is arguably the most common disease encountered by the gastroenterologist. It is equally likely that the primary care providers will fi nd that complaints related to refl ux disease constitute a large proportion of their practice. Th e following guideline will provide an overview of GERD and its presentation, and recommendations for the approach to dia…
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The Relationship Between Slow Coronary Flow and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme…
Endothelial dysfunction in coronary arteries is the main pathogenetic mechanism in patients with slow coronary flow (SCF). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism has important effects on endothelial function. However, angiographic studies investigating the relation between the ACE and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATIIR1) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism and SCF is…
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Surgical management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer
More than 75% of the cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are diagnosed in advanced stages (IIIA-IV). Although in these patients the role of surgery is unclear, complete tumor resection can be achieved in selected cases, with good long-term survival. In this review, current indications for surgery in advanced NSCLC are discussed. In stage IIIA (N2), surgery after induction chemotherap…
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Long-term outcomes of surgical resection for stage IV non-small-cell lung can…
Surgery for cT1-2, N0-1, M1 or cT3, N0, M1 disease is associated with a 5-year survival of 25% and does not appear to compromise outcomes when compared to non-operative therapy, supporting guidelines that recommend surgery for very select patients with stage IV disease. However, surgery provides less benefit and should be considered much less often for stage IV patients with mediastinal noda…
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Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. GC is a heterogeneous disease and the endpoint of a long multistep process largely influenced by Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic susceptibility, and environmental factors. In a subset of GC cases, infection with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) may also be involved. The d…
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Diagnosis and assessment of renal fibrosis: the state of the art
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as an alteration of kidney function and/or structure lasting for more than 3 months and is a major public health issue. Histo-logically, the severity of CKD correlates with the magni-tude of kidney cortical interstitial fibrosis. Estimation of kidney fibrosis is crucial to assess prognosis and guide therapy in both native and allograft kidneys. Biopsy is …
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An update on PCOS in adolescents
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy which can be difficult to treat in adolescents. Fortunately, early identification and treatment can help mitigate some of the metabolic complications. In this review, we reflect on recent literature regarding PCOS diagnosis, associated complications, and treatment options
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Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: rationale and clinical guidelines for diagno…
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is an uncommon and problematic pulmonary disease, complicating many other respiratory disorders, thought to affect ∼240000 people in Europe. The most common form of CPA is chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA), which untreated may progress to chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis. Less common manifestations include: Aspergillus nodule and si…
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