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Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)
The etiology of TTTS is connected with the architecture of the placenta, and intertwine vascular connections known as anastomoses within the placenta. Actually all MC placentas have anastomoses that connect the fetal circulations. Fortunately, not all MC twins develop TTTS. Three main types of anastomoses might be distinguished: venovenous (VV), arterioarterial (AA), and arteriovenous (AV). …
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Amount of polyhydramnios attributable to diabetes may be less than previously…
One thousand five hundred and forty-five patients were included in the study. Eight point five percent (n = 131) had diabetes and no other cause for polyhydramnios. Eleven point two percent (173) had antenatally diagnosed anomalies. For all categories of AFI except the largest (> 40.9 cm) the most common cause of polyhydramnios was idiopathic. In patients with diabetes the AFI was most likely t…
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SMFM Consult Series #46: Evaluation and management of polyhydramnios
Polyhydramnios, or hydramnios, is an abnormal increase in the volume of amniotic fluid. Identification of polyhydramnios should prompt a search for an underlying etiology. Although most cases of mild polyhydramnios are idiopathic, the 2most common pathologic causes arematernal diabetes mellitus and fetal anomalies, some of which are associated with genetic syndromes. Other causes of polyhydr…
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Polyhydramnios: Causes, Diagnosis and Therapy
Polyhydramnios is defined as a pathological increase of amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy and is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Common causes of polyhydramnios include gestational diabetes, fetal anomalies with disturbed fetal swallowing of amniotic fluid, fetal infections and other, rarer causes
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Clinical trials in progressive multiple sclerosis: lessons learned and future…
Progressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by the gradual accrual of disability independent of relapses and can occur with disease onset (primary progressive) or preceded by a relapsing disease course (secondary progressive). An effective disease modifying treatment for progressive multiple sclerosis has not been identified, and the results of clinical trials to date have been generally di…
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Multiple sclerosis in children: an update on clinical diagnosis, therapeutic …
The clinical features, diagnostic challenges, neuroimaging appearance, therapeutic options, and pathobiological research progress in childhood—and adolescent—onset multiple sclerosis have been informed by many new insights in the past 7 years. National programmes in several countries, collaborative research efforts, and an established international paediatric multiple sclerosis study group …
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A Sonographer’s Perspective: Quintero Staging System for Twin-to-Twin Trans…
Sonography remains the cornerstone in the assessment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in monochorionic twin pregnancies. Twin-to-twin transfusion is a common complication in monochorionic pregnancies, resulting in high perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. A disproportionate placental interconnection leads to hypovolemia and oligohydramnios in the donor twin and hypervolemia and polyh…
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Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: Definition, Staging, and Ultrasound Assess…
The term ‘TTTS’ can continue to be used in the English medical literature. The condition can be diagnosed and assessed following a systematic ultrasound methodology. The use of such ultrasound methodology breaks the examination into a distinct set of components, assuring a comprehensive examination and proper communication among caregivers.
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Zinc supplementation in children with asthma exacerbation
Zinc deficiency has demonstrated an association with the risk of asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of zinc supplementation in reducing the severity of childhood asthma exacerbation. A number of 42 children with asthma exacerbation admitted to the hospital were randomized to receive either zinc bis-glycinate (30 mg elemental zinc/day) or a placebo in adjuvant to the standard tre…
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Anti–N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in Children and Adolescents
Anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease that is becoming increasingly recognized in the pediatric population. It may be the most common cause of treatable autoimmune encephalitis. The majority of cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis are idiopathic in etiology, but a significant minority can be attributed to a paraneoplastic origin.
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