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Lung cancer: current therapies and new targeted treatments
Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Every year, 1·8 million people are diagnosed with lung cancer, and 1·6 million people die as a result of the disease. 5-year survival rates vary from 4–17% depending on stage and regional diff erences. In this Seminar, we discuss existing treatment for patients with lung cancer and the promise of precision medicin…
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Lung Cancer Screening: Advantages, Controversies, and Applications
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Results from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) have shown that low-dose computed tomography (CT) is capable of detecting lung neoplasms in individuals at high risk. However, whether it is advantageous to perform lung cancer screening on these patients is a significant concern, as are the potential adverse outcomes …
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Clinical effectiveness of cell therapies in patients with chronic liver disea…
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major health burden worldwide. Liver cirrhosis, a form of CLD is the fifth most common cause of death in the UK. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is the result of an acute insult superimposed on patients with liver cirrhosis as a result of precipitating events such as infection or bleeding. ACLF has a high associated mortality as a result of multi-organ …
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Nitric oxide synthase regulation of cardiac excitation–contraction coupling…
Significant advances in our understanding of the ability of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) tomodulate cardiac function have provided key insights into the role NOS play in the regulation of excitation–contraction (EC) coupling in health and disease. Through both cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent (e.g. S-nitrosylation) mechanisms, NOS have the ability to alter intracellular Ca2+ handling an…
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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and autologous CD133-positive stem-cell…
Results of small-scale studies have suggested that stem-cell therapy is safe and effective in patients with liver cirrhosis, but no adequately powered randomised controlled trials have been done. We assessed the safety and efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and haemopoietic stem-cell infusions in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Role of Platelet, Blood Stem Cell, and Thrombopoietin in Liver Regeneration, …
Platelets are anuclear blood cells derived from thrombopoietin (TPO)-stimulated megakaryocytes; they not only play a critical role in hemostatsis, but also secrete several growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) which are required for tissue regeneration or repair
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Paediatric tuberculosis
Tuberculosis continues to cause an unacceptably high toll of disease and death among children worldwide, particularly in the wake of the HIV epidemic. Increased international travel and immigration have led to a rise in childhood tuberculosis rates even in traditionally low burden, industrialised settings, and threaten to promote the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant strains. Where…
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Malignant pleural effusion: from bench to bedside
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common but serious condition that is related with poor quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Its incidence and associated healthcare costs are rising and its management remains palliative, with median survival ranging from 3 to 12 months. During the last decade there has been significant progress in unravelling the pathophysiology of MPE, as well as its…
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Comparing approaches to the management of malignant pleural effusions
Management of symptomatic malignant pleural effusions is becoming more complex due to the range of treatment options, which include therapeutic thoracenteses, thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis, bedside pleurodesis with talc or other sclerosing agents via small-bore chest catheters, indwelling pleural catheters, surgery, or a combination of some of these procedures
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Can malignant and inflammatory pleural effusions in dogs be distinguished usi…
Computed tomography (CT) is the primary imaging modality used to investigate human patients with suspected malignant or inflammatory pleural effusion, but there is a lack of information about the clinical use of this test in dogs. To identify CT signs that could be used to distinguish pleural malignant neoplasia from pleuritis, a retrospective case-control study was done based on dogs that had …
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