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Reference standard of total bile acid concentration of Chinese pregnant women…
The criterion of total bile acid (TBA) concentration for the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant women remains debated. The purpose of this study was to establish a reference range of TBA concentration in Chinese pregnant women. Clinical data of Chinese women aged > 18 years with singleton pregnancy were retrospectively analyzed. The blood samples were collected during pregnancy a…
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Ultrasound versus liver function tests for diagnosis of common bile duct ston…
Ultrasound and liver function tests (serum bilirubin and serum alkaline phosphatase) are used as screening tests for the diagnosis of common bile duct stones in people suspected of having common bile duct stones. There has been no systematic review of the iagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and liver function tests
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Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris
Acne is one of the most common disorders treated by dermatologists and other health care providers. While it most often affects adolescents, it is not uncommon in adults and can also be seen in children. This evidence-based guideline addresses important clinical questions that arise in its management. Issues from grading of acne to the topical and systemic management of the disease are reviewe…
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Oral Antibiotic Treatment Options for Acne Vulgaris
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder encountered in dermatology practice in the United States, affecting approximately 85 percent of teenagers and sometimes persisting into and throughout adulthood. Although not life-threatening, acne can have a significant adverse psychological and physical impact. Many patients with acne report feelings of depression, anxiety, emotional stress, or …
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Oral Doxycycline in the Management of Acne Vulgaris: Current Perspectives on …
Oral antibiotics have been used for the treatment of acne vulgaris for six decades. Among dermatologists, tetracyclines represent at least three-fourths of the oral antibiotics prescribed in clinical practice. Unlike other specialties, antibiotic use in dermatology is predominantly for the treatment of noninfectious disorders, such as acne vulgaris and rosacea, which usually involves prolonged …
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Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have afflicted tens of millions of people in a worldwide pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are needed urgently.
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Vaccines for COVID-19
Since the emergence of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the end of 2019, there has been an explosion of vaccine development. By 24 September 2020, a staggering number of vaccines (more than 200) had started preclinical development, of which 43 had entered clinical trials, including some approaches that have not previously been licensed for human vaccines.
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What defines an efficacious COVID-19 vaccine? A review of the challenges asse…
The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused more than 1 million deaths in the first 6 months of the pandemic and huge economic and social upheaval internationally. An efficacious vaccine is essential to prevent further morbidity and mortality. Although some countries might deploy COVID-19 vaccines on the strength of safety and immunogenicity d…
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Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults (Review)
Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, is a neurocutaneous disease caused by the reactivation of the virus that causes varicella (chickenpox). APer resolution of the varicella episode, the virus can remain latent in the sensitive dorsal ganglia of the spine. Years later, with declining immunity, the varicella zoster virus (VZV) can reactivate and cause herpes zoster, an extremely painful …
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Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Infection: A Meta-Analysis
The burden of herpes zoster (HZ) is significant worldwide, with millions affected and the incidence rising. Current literature has identified some risk factors for this disease; however, there is yet to be a comprehensive study that pools all evidence to provide estimates of risk. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify various risk factors, excluding immunosuppressive medication, t…
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