The Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) score is widely used worldwide to predict outcomes across a broad spectrum of liver diseases, mainly cirrhosis. Portal hypertension and variceal bleed are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients, although the variceal status is not incorporated into the classical CTP score. We sought to determine whether the inclusion of variceal sta…
HCV infection is the major risk factor for cirrhosis in our setup. Ascites was the commonest complication. Patients with child-Pugh’s class ‘A’ cirrhosis had significantly longer survival than patients with child-Pugh’s class ‘B’ and ‘C’. A multidisciplinary approach for prevention and control of ever increasing HCV infection must be adopted and to make the public awareness thro…
Malnutrition is acommonfeature of chronic liver diseases that is often associated with a poor prognosis including worsening of clinical outcome, neuropsychiatric complications as well as outcome following liver transplantation. Nutritional assessment in patients with cirrhosis is challenging owing to confounding factors related to liver failure. The objectives of nutritional intervention in cir…
Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung diseases. Recently, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked with asthma and allergic diseases in children. This review presents the most actual knowledge on exact molecular mechanisms responsible for the ske…
Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous diseases and poses a serious challenge to the current healthcare system worldwide. Smoking impacts both innate and adaptive immunity and plays dual roles in regulating immunity by either exacerbation of pathogenic immune responses or attenuation of defensive immunity. Adaptive immune cells affected by smoking mainly include T helper cells (Th1/Th2/T…
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) includes pure SCLC and SCLC combined with other pathologies (C-SCLC). C-SCLC accounts for about 28% of all SCLCs subjected to surgical resection, but only about 1–3% of C-SCLCs are detected by biopsy. Since less than 5% of SCLC patients are eligible for surgery, it is necessary to develop alternative methods for the detection of C-SCLC
An estimated 1.6 million new lung cancers are diagnosed worldwide each year. The highest incidence rates in males are observed in Central/Eastern and Southern Europe (57 and 49 per 100 000, respectively), whereas in women the highest rates are found in Northern Europe (36 per 100 000) . Five-year survival rates of lung cancer patients have only slightly improved during the past decade but rema…
Small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC) is a well characterized form of lung cancer that is frequently already metastatic at diagnosis. Thus, patients with SCLC are usually treated with chemotherapy, and therefore emphasis has been placed on distinguishing that tumor from squamous cell carcinomas, large cell carcinomas and other pulmonary neoplasms that can more often be managed surgically. SCL…
Digestive disorders caused by sudden changes in diet or inappropriate diet are among the most common disorders of the digestive system. Cecal or intestinal tympany, one consequence of inappropriate diet, is characterized by the accumulation of gases, marked distension of the cecum and colon and the induction of inflammatory processes. To know the effects of intestinal tympany on the enteric ple…
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC or EAEC) can spread and cause disease in developing countries, but it is not presently known whether it spreads disease in industrialised countries. Therefore, we did a prospective study to assess the incidence and the clinical manifestations of infections due to EAEC in children in Germany.