An estimated 1.6 million new lung cancers are diagnosed worldwide each year. The highest incidence rates in males are observed in Central/Eastern and Southern Europe (57 and 49 per 100 000, respectively), whereas in women the highest rates are found in Northern Europe (36 per 100 000) . Five-year survival rates of lung cancer patients have only slightly improved during the past decade but rema…
Small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC) is a well characterized form of lung cancer that is frequently already metastatic at diagnosis. Thus, patients with SCLC are usually treated with chemotherapy, and therefore emphasis has been placed on distinguishing that tumor from squamous cell carcinomas, large cell carcinomas and other pulmonary neoplasms that can more often be managed surgically. SCL…
Digestive disorders caused by sudden changes in diet or inappropriate diet are among the most common disorders of the digestive system. Cecal or intestinal tympany, one consequence of inappropriate diet, is characterized by the accumulation of gases, marked distension of the cecum and colon and the induction of inflammatory processes. To know the effects of intestinal tympany on the enteric ple…
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC or EAEC) can spread and cause disease in developing countries, but it is not presently known whether it spreads disease in industrialised countries. Therefore, we did a prospective study to assess the incidence and the clinical manifestations of infections due to EAEC in children in Germany.
The purpose of the International Standards for Tuberculosis Care (ISTC) is to describe a widely accepted level of care that all practitioners, public and private, should seek to achieve in managing patients who have, or are suspected of having, tuberculosis. The Standards are intended to facilitate the effective engagement of all care providers in delivering high-quality care for patients of al…
The primary clinical goals to be achieved with insulin initiation are elimination of ketosis and hyperglycemia with prevention of chronic complications. Insulin therapy is the mainstay in management of type 1 diabetes, which should be aimed at achieving good glycemic control, with achievement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) requires lifelong administration of exogenous insulin. The primary goal of treatment of T1DM in children and adolescents is to maintain near-normoglycemia through intensive insulin therapy, avoid acute complications, and prevent long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications, while facilitating as close to a normal life as possible.
Infection-related causes are second only to cardiovascular events for mortality among end-stage renal disease patients. This review will provide an overview of hemodialysis catheter-, graft-, and fistula-related infections with emphasis on diagnosis and management in specific settings. Use of catheters at the initiation of dialysis has remained unchanged at 80%. Of all access-related bloodstrea…
To measure the prevalence and to identify risk factors of hearing impairment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children living in Peru
Little is known about hearing loss in children with HIV infection (HIV+). We examined the prevalence of hearing loss in perinatally HIV+ and HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children, compared these with the percentage with hearing loss in the general population and evaluated possible risk factors for hearing loss in HIV+ and HEU children