Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP)/Pneumocystis …

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) atau Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia merupakan infeksi oportunistik yang dapat terjadi pada pasien immunocompromised. Pada pasien dengan HIV, PCP merupakan infeksi oportunistik tersering terutama pada pasien dengan CD4 kurang dari 200 sel/ul. Diagnosis PCP sangat sulit dilakukan karena gejala, pemeriksaan darah, serta radiografi toraks tidaklah patognomonik…

100 Ways to motivate others: how great leaders can produce insane results wit…

The authors, leadership trainers and coaches, draw on the success of their workshops and personal coaching programs at major organizations to compile simple techniques for building on people's strengths, holding people accountable, and cultivating the art of supportive confrontation.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Perilymphatic Fistula

Perilymphatic fistula (PLF) is defined as an abnormal communication between the fluid perilymph)-filled space of the inner ear and the air-filled space of the middle ear and mastoid, or cranial spaces. PLF is located in the round or oval window, fractured bony labyrinth, icrofissures, anomalous footplate, and can occur after head trauma or barotrauma, chronic inflammation, or in otic capsule …

A review on uric acid in plants and microorganisms: Biological applications a…

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Serum IL-21 levels associated with chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B-relate…

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-21 in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. IL-21 stimulates T and B cell responses and plays a role in the control of chronic viral infections. Serum IL-21 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 109 patients with chronic HBV infection at various clinical stages, as well as in 19 healthy controls (HCs).

Interleukin-21 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection in a Chin…

In this case-control study, 366 Chinese HBV-infected patients were recruited and divided into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n = 94) and non-HCC (n = 272) groups at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, from April 2009 to December 2012. In the non-HCC group, the patients were classified into three clinical subsets, 76 patients had chronic hepatitis B, 101 were HBV carriers a…

Hepatitis B virus persistence in mice reveals IL-21 and IL-33 as regulators o…

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) generally causes self-limiting infection in immunocompetent adults, but establishes chronic infection in some adults and in most maternally infected infants. Factors determining clearance versus persistence are not fully understood. Hydrodynamic injection (HDI) of HBV replicon plasmid via tail vein generally results in quick clearance in immunocompetent adult mice. Here,…

European Stroke Organization Guidelines for the Management of Intracranial A…

Intracranial aneurysm with and without sub-arachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a relevant health problem: The overall incidence is about 9 per 100,000 with a wide range, in some countries up to 20 per 100,000. Mortality rate with conservative treatment within the first months is 50–60%.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis

Lumbar puncture is frequently performed in primary care. Properly interpreted tests can make cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) a key tool in the diagnosis of a variety of diseases. Proper evaluation of CSF depends on knowing which tests to order, normal ranges for the patient’s age, and the test’s limitations. Protein level, opening pressure, and CSF-to-serum glucose ratio vary with age.

Benign phyllodes tumours of the breast: (Over) Treatment of margins – a lit…

Phyllodes tumours form a small group of fibroepithelial breast lesions (2-3 %). They are classified as benign, borderline, or malignant. (1). Benign phyllodes tumours are the largest subgroup of phyllodes tumours (50 - 80%), (2) A margin of 1 cm has been suggested as standard of care for all groups of phyllodes tumours (3) (4) (5) (6).