The goal of this review is to provide update recommendations that can be used by emergency physicians who provide primary cares to patients with Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF), from the admission to an emergency department through the first 24 to 48 hours of hospitalization. This work wants to address the diagnosis and emergency medical care of ARF and the management of medical complications
The aetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is multifactorial, and includes contributions from the environment, stochastic factors, and genetic susceptibility. Great gains have been made in understanding SLE through the use of genetic variant identification, mouse models, gene expression studies, and epigenetic analyses. Collectively, these studies support the concept that defective cl…
It was another bad year for drug development in lupus. The biggest setback for the field came in late August when AstraZeneca announced that its blockbuster hope anifrolumab, an antibody directed at a subunit of the type I interferon receptor, flunked the first of its two pivotal trials. Then came more bad news when UCB and Biogen reported toward the end of October that their phase 2b study of …
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder that has a broad spectrum of effects on the majority of organs, including the kidneys. Approximately 40–70% of patients with SLE will develop lupus nephritis. Renal assault during SLE is initiated by genes that breach immune tolerance and promote autoantibody production. These genes might act in concert with other genetic…
The current treatment approach for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as outlined in the recommendations by international medical associations including EUL AR and the ACR , is mostly eminence- based rather than evidence- based. However, knowledge on SLE is growing quickly , and such new advances need to be translated into clinical practice. Questions remain regarding the choice and timing of…
The composition of gut microflora and its metabolic activity are closely correlated with the host immune system, and the changes in the biometric of the microbiome lead to inflammatory diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. The supplementation of probiotics and synbiotic could indeed manipulate the microflora, which can be an alternative therapy for ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease.
The dramatic impact of hemosiderosis on survival in chronically transfused patients with hereditary anaemia is well known. We evaluated whether patients receiving multiple red blood-cell (RBC) transfusions are adequately screened for hemosiderosis
The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure in adults is growing rapidly, driven in large part by advances in technology, which have made ECMO devices easier to implement and safer and more efficient. Accompanying this increase in use is a nearly exponential increase in ECMO-related literature. However, the great majority of the literature is composed of retro…
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially devastating immune mediated adverse drug reaction caused by the emergence of antibodies that activate platelets in the presence of heparin. Despite thrombocytopenia, bleeding is rare; rather, HIT is strongly associated with thromboembolic complications involving both the arterial and venous systems. A number of laboratory tests are avai…
Heparin is a proven effective anticoagulant therapy in many thrombotic conditions such as acute coronary syndrome and deep venous thrombosis, where heparin therapy is recommended after administration of thrombolytic agent to reduce mortality. Combining heparin with Aspirin reduces the risk of thrombosis by 75%2. Although heparin is highly successful in reducing morbidity and mortality associat…