Polyhydramnios, or hydramnios, is an abnormal increase in the volume of amniotic fluid. Identification of polyhydramnios should prompt a search for an underlying etiology. Although most cases of mild polyhydramnios are idiopathic, the 2most common pathologic causes arematernal diabetes mellitus and fetal anomalies, some of which are associated with genetic syndromes. Other causes of polyhydr…
Vascular remodeling is a vital process of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases and represents the altered structure and arrangement of blood vessels. The Hippo pathway controls organ size by regulating cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcription coactivator, is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway. Emerging evidence supports that the Hippo/…
Depression is the most common psychiatric condition among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Depression negatively affects functional status and quality of life and is associated with increased treatment nonadherence, hospitalizations, and mortality (1). Despite the clinical and patient-reported significance of depression, clinicians often underrecognize and undertreat depressive symp…