THERAPEUTIC CLASS

The colorectal cancer immune microenvironment and approach to immunotherapies

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, with about 1.4 million cases diagnosed worldwide in 2012 [1]. The prognosis for CRC patients is largely dependent on the stage of the tumor at diagnosis. In the USA, the 5-year survival rates following surgical removal of tumors for localized (stage I), regional (stages II and III) and distant (stage IV) cases are 91.1,
71.7 and 13.3%, respectively [2]. Current options for standard treatment of CRC include surgical removal alone for stage I and for most of stage II CRCs and surgical removal followed by adjuvant 5-fluoruracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy for high-risk stage II and stage III CRCs. For metastatic stage IV disease, surgical removal of the primary CRC and/or metastatic lesions is followed by
therapy using a variety of chemotherapy and targeted treatments. Thus, the mortality rates for each stage, 8–13% (stage I/II), 11–47% (stage III) and approximately 89% (IV), represent the limitations of initial diagnoses and current treatments, indicating that more precise diagnostic measures and effective treatments are required.

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: .,

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Language

English

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NONE

Content Type

LITERATURE

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Subject(s)

Cardiovascular & Hematopoeiteic System

Specific Detail Info

Future Oncol. (2017) 13(18), 1633–1647

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