This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of ambroxol hydrochloride in combination with procaterol hydrochloride in treating pediatric pneumonia and their effects on plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18. Methods: A total of 86 children with pneumonia were selected and divided into group A (n=43) (received routine pneumonia treatment) and group B (received ambroxol hydrochloride treatment in combination with procaterol hydrochloride in addition to routine treatment). The general clinical data, related clinical symptoms, cough scores, and pulmonary function (FEV1 and FVC) and clinical efficacy of groups A and B were compared. The changes in plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-18 levels were monitored using ELISA before and after treatment. Results: Cough disappearance time, wheezing disappearance time, defervescence time, and rale disappearance time in group B were shorter than those of group A (P < 0.001). Cough scores and IL-6 and IL-18 levels of both groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and those of group B were lower than group A after treatment (P < 0.001). TNF-α level of group B was lower than that of group A after treatment (P < 0.001). FEV1 and FVC of group B were higher than those of group A (P < 0.001). Notably, the effective rate of treatment of group B was higher than that of group A (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of ambroxol hydrochloride and procaterol hydrochloride in pediatric pneumonia treatment showed better alleviation of pulmonary inflammation, better regulation of pulmonary function, and higher safety than routine pneumonia treatment
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